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今年一月一日起施行的《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》第二章第四条就是有关船舶登记的条款。为使读者对船舶登记工作有所了解,作者从法律和历史的角度综述了国际上船舶登记的过去、现状和将来的发展趋势。作者曾数次参加国际性的船舶登记会议,占有大量的有关资料,本文虽仅属扼要介绍,对我国的船舶登记立法和使读者了解这方面的知识都将有所裨益。开放登记船舶的大量出现,在全球航运界引起了广泛的争议和尖锐的冲突。近十年来,联合国贸易和发展会议多次召开国际会议,进行谈判和磋商,渴望制定一项关于船舶登记问题的国际协定,确立具有约束性的全球船舶登记规范,逐步将开放登记转变为正常登记,改革国际航运秩序。但由于发达国家与发展中国家立场的严重对立,谈判无法取得实质性进展。第37届联合国大会决定于1984年召开联合国全权代表大会,讨论和审议船舶登记问题。本文将着重对船舶登记的意义、各国船舶登记概况、开放登记制度的形成和发展及国际上关于船舶登记问题的斗争等综述如下:
Article 4 of Chapter II of the “Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China”, which came into force on January 1 this year, is the provision relating to the registration of ships. In order to make readers understand the work of ship registration, the author summarizes the past, current status and future development trends of international ship registration from the legal and historical perspectives. The author has participated in several international ship registration conferences on numerous occasions and possesses a large amount of relevant information. Although only a brief introduction, this article will benefit our country’s ship registration legislation and readers’ understanding of this knowledge. The large number of openly registered ships has caused widespread controversy and sharp conflicts in the global shipping community. Over the past decade, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development has held numerous international conferences, negotiated and negotiated, and is eager to formulate an international agreement on the registration of ships and to establish a binding global register of ships, and to gradually turn open registrations into normal registrations , Reform the international shipping order. However, due to the serious opposition between the developed countries and the developing countries, no substantive progress can be made in the negotiations. The 37th session of the UN General Assembly decided in 1984 to convene the UN Plenipotentiary Conference to discuss and consider the issue of ship registration. This article will focus on the significance of the registration of ships, ship registration profiles in various countries, the establishment and development of an open registration system and the international community on the ship registration issues such as the following: