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[目的]分析某汽车制造企业职业危害的种类和现状,指出其主要的职业危害因素和防护重点,并提出相应的防护对策。[方法]现况调查,收集并分析某汽车制造企业的一般情况、职业危害因素历年检测结果和工人职业健康体检资料,并查阅汽车制造的职业危害研究文献。[结果]该企业主要的职业病危害因素包括噪声、电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、一氧化碳和二氧化氮,噪声强度历年检测超标率最高(37.75%),苯系物和二氧化氮未超标,工人体检结果显示噪声和苯系物的危害较大。[结论]汽车制造业的主要职业危害为噪声、粉尘和毒物。该企业今后应加强管理,加大对噪声和电焊烟尘的有效防护,并重视毒物长期低浓度接触对工人健康的影响。
[Objective] The paper analyzes the types and the current situation of occupational hazards in a automobile manufacturing enterprise, points out the main occupational hazards and the key points of protection, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. [Methods] The current situation investigation, collect and analyze the general situation of a car manufacturing enterprise, the test results of occupational hazard factors over the years and the occupational health examination data of workers, and refer to the research literature on occupational hazards made by automobile. [Result] The main occupational hazards of the enterprise included noise, welding fume, manganese and its compounds, benzene, toluene, xylene, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The highest standard deviation of the noise intensity over the years was observed (37.75% Nitrogen dioxide is not exceeded, the workers physical examination results show that the noise and benzene series are more harmful. [Conclusion] The main occupational hazards of automobile manufacturing industry are noise, dust and poison. The company should strengthen management in the future, increase the effective protection of noise and welding fume, and pay attention to the impact of long-term low-concentration poisoning on workers’ health.