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南水北调工程是优化我国水资源配置、解决北方水资源短缺问题的重大举措。由于南水北调中线工程的调蓄作用,河南省受水地区水源结构的改变对主要的供水水源第四系地下水资源势必造成一定的影响。论文在建立河南平原地下水流数值模型的基础上,按照受水区的分配水量相应压采各城市的浅层地下水开采量,模拟预测南水北调中线工程实施后第四系地下水流系统的演化趋势。预测结果表明:河南平原受水区浅层地下水位都得到了不同程度的恢复,到2010年,郑州市、新乡市、濮阳市漏斗中心水位相比南水北调中线工程实施前(2007年1月1日)将分别提高6.64m,8.15m和4.15m,很大程度上减轻了地下水的开采压力,有效地恢复了地下水位降落漏斗,缓解了当地水资源的供需矛盾;但是由于农业灌溉超量开采地下水,河南平原中部和东部的非受水区浅层地下水位仍持续下降;南部尽管不在受水区范围内,但是供水水源主要来自地表水,所以浅层地下水位无明显变化。结合前人的供需水量预测结果,到2010年,南水北调中线工程分配给受水区的水量与受水区的需水量基本持平。
The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a major measure to optimize the allocation of water resources in our country and solve the problem of water shortage in the North. Due to the regulation and storage of the mid-route of South-North Water Diversion Project, the change of water source structure in water-receiving areas in Henan Province will inevitably exert some influence on the groundwater resources of the Quaternary system, which is the main source of water supply. Based on the establishment of numerical model of groundwater flow in Henan Plain, the paper analyzes the evolution of shallow groundwater exploitation in each city according to the distribution of water volume in the water receiving area and simulates the evolution trend of the groundwater flow system in Quaternary after the implementation of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The forecast results show that shallow groundwater level in the receiving area of Henan Plain has been restored to some extent. By 2010, the water level of the funnel center of Zhengzhou, Xinxiang and Puyang is lower than before the implementation of the midline of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (January 1, 2007 ) Will be increased by 6.64m, 8.15m and 4.15m respectively, which greatly relieved the pressure of groundwater exploitation and effectively restored the descending funnel of groundwater level, alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of local water resources; however, excessive exploitation of groundwater due to agricultural irrigation The shallow groundwater table in the non-receiving areas in the central and eastern part of the Henan Plain continued to decline. Although the southern part is not within the receiving area, the source of water supply mainly comes from surface water, so there is no obvious change in the shallow groundwater table. According to the prediction of water supply and demand of predecessors, by 2010, the amount of water allocated to the water receiving area and the water receiving area of the mid-route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project will be basically the same.