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目的了解贵州省三都县肺结核发病水平及流行特征,为肺结核的有效控制与科学管理提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对三都县2004—2007年肺结核监测数据进行分析。结果2004—2007年全县共报告肺结核病例825例,年均发病率为64.43/10万。全县各地区均有病例报告,病例主要集中在人口密集、人员流动性大的三合镇及其邻近的交梨乡、普安镇、丰乐镇和合江镇,共计发病453例,占肺结核总发病数的54.91%;季节性发病以1—3月发病例数最多,共发病365例,占全年发病数的44.24%;年龄组发病以0～14岁组发病例数最低,共发病33例,占肺结核发病总数的4%;20～59岁青、壮年组共发病615例,占肺结核发病总数的74.55%;职业发病以农民发病例数最多,共发病668例,占肺结核发病总数的80.97%;性别发病以男性发病例数最高,共发病576例,占69.8%,男女性别比为1∶0.43。结论在人口密度大、人员流动频繁的地区,以及寒冷季节人群相对聚集,青、壮年特别是男性青壮年出门较多、活动范围广,接触机会多,易引起肺结核的传播;防病意识差,生活较贫困、营养欠佳和劳累等是农民肺结核高发的主要原因之一;提高卡介苗接种率,提高肺结核病人的发现率和治愈率,是预防和控制肺结核的主要措施。
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sandu County, Guizhou Province, and to provide a scientific basis for effective control and scientific management of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance data of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sandu County from 2004 to 2007. Results A total of 825 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in the county from 2004 to 2007, with an average annual incidence of 64.43 / 100,000. There are case reports in all regions of the county. The cases are mainly concentrated in Sanhe Township, with dense population and large staff mobility, and its adjacent Jiao Pei Township, Pu’an Township, Fengle Town and Hejiang Township, accounting for a total of 453 cases of cases of tuberculosis 54.91% of the total number of cases; seasonal incidence in January to March the largest number of cases, a total of 365 cases, accounting for 44.24% of the annual number of cases; age group 0 to 14-year-old group incidence of the lowest number of cases, 33 cases, accounting for 4% of the total number of pulmonary tuberculosis; 20 to 59 years of young and middle-aged group of 615 cases of total incidence, accounting for 74.55% of the total incidence of tuberculosis; occupational incidence of peasant cases the most, 668 cases of total incidence, accounting for the total number of tuberculosis 80.97% of them were male. The incidence of male was the highest in male with 576 cases (69.8%) of male and female. The sex ratio was 1: 0.43. Conclusions In the areas of high population density and frequent staff turnover and the relative concentration of people in cold seasons, young and middle-aged men, especially young and middle-aged men, are more likely to go out, have a wide range of activities, have more opportunities for exposure, and easily lead to the spread of tuberculosis. Poverty, poor nutrition and fatigue are one of the main reasons for the high incidence of tuberculosis among farmers. Increasing the BCG vaccination rate and increasing the detection and cure rate of tuberculosis patients are the main measures to prevent and control tuberculosis.