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目的探讨新生儿先天性心脏病(CHD)的临床特点,提高早期诊断率。方法对确诊为CHD的新生儿92例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组CHD资料室间隔缺损39例占42.39%、继发孔型房间隔缺损20例占21.71%、动脉导管未闭24例占26.09%、单纯心脏畸形68例占73.91%、复合心脏畸形24例(占26.11%)。与配对组比较有家族史及合并其他遗传性疾病史因素χ2=5.74,P<0.05,有统计学意义,孕早期感染因素χ2=5.88P<0.05有统计学意义,母亲职业(个体)χ2=4.47P<0.05,有统计学意义。临床表现:气促40例占43.48%、青紫25例27.17%、心脏杂音78例占84.78%、合并肺炎50例54.35%。结论新生儿CHD类型较多,临床表现复杂,复合心脏畸形死亡率高,对可疑的CHD新生儿应及时进行超声心动图检查,早期诊断和制定恰当的治疗方案。对有高危因素的孕妇应注意胎儿CHD筛查。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) and improve the early diagnosis rate. Methods 92 cases of newborns diagnosed as CHD were retrospectively analyzed. Results In this group, 39 cases of CHD data compartment accounted for 42.39%, 20 cases of secondary atrial septal defect accounted for 21.71%, 24 cases of patent ductus arteriosus 26.09%, simple heart malformation 68 cases accounted for 73.91%, composite heart malformation 24 Example (26.11%). Compared with the matched group, the family history and history of other inherited diseases were significantly different (χ2 = 5.74, P <0.05). There was significant difference between the first trimester infection and the second trimester (χ2 = 5.88P <0.05) 4.47P <0.05, with statistical significance. Clinical manifestations: 40 cases of irritation accounted for 43.48%, bruising 25 cases 27.17%, 78 cases of heart murmur accounted for 84.78%, 50 cases of pneumonia in 54.35%. Conclusion There are many types of CHD in neonates with complicated clinical manifestations and high mortality rate of composite cardiac malformations. Echocardiography should be performed in time for suspected newborns with CHD and early diagnosis and proper treatment should be made. Pregnant women with high risk factors should pay attention to fetal CHD screening.