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目的了解福田区职业危害分布情况和企业职业卫生管理现状。方法使用《全国职业健康状况调查(用人单位调查表)》,对福田区136家企业进行调查。结果136家企业以中小型的非国有企业为主,实际从业人数31 011人,其中接触职业病危害因素的人数为3 328人;企业存在的职业病危害因素以化学毒物(92/136,67.65%)和物理因素为主(92/136,67.65%);企业产生的职业病危害因素以噪声(84/136,61.76%)、三苯(73/136,53.68%)其他粉尘(48/136,35.29%)和正己烷(21/136,15.44%)最为常见;相当一部分企业没有落实职业卫生管理措施。结论福田区的职业卫生管理工作有待加强,应坚持以引导教育为主、行政处罚为辅的行政管理手段,逐步改善辖区企业的职业危害状况。
Objective To understand the distribution of occupational hazards and the status quo of occupational health management in Futian district. Method The survey of 136 enterprises in Futian District was conducted using the National Occupational Health Survey (Employers Questionnaire). Results 136 enterprises were mainly small and medium-sized non-state-owned enterprises, with 31 011 actual employees, among which 3 328 were exposed to occupational hazards; there were 92,136,67.65% toxic chemical hazards in occupational hazards, (92 / 136,67.65%). The hazard factors of occupational diseases caused by the enterprises were noise (84 / 136,61.76%), other dust (48 / 136,53.68%) of triphenylbenzene (73 / 136,53.68% ) And n-hexane (21/136, 15.44%) were most common. A considerable number of enterprises did not implement occupational health management measures. Conclusion Occupational health management in Futian District needs to be strengthened. Administrative management tools that mainly guide education and supplemented by administrative penalties should be adhered to, and the occupational hazards of enterprises in the districts should be gradually improved.