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卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒为双链DNA病毒,基因组全长为160～170 kb。该病毒基因最早于1994年由美国哥伦比亚大学病理学家Chang等用代表性差异分析法首先在艾滋病患者并发的卡波氏肉瘤组织中发现。常用于KSHV亚型分析的基因片段有:ORF26、ORF75、K1、K15等。基于ORF26分型,最初采用的是330 bp和233 bp的ORF26基因片段,可将KSHV分为A、B、C三个亚型。目前,根据K1基因的多态性,主要将KSHV分为A、B、C、D、E、F亚型,各亚型在氨基酸水平上具有15%～30%的区别。目前,已知的K15有3个等位基因,分别是:P亚型、M亚型和N亚型。其中,N亚型与M型的核苷酸水平差异则高达90%。基于ORF75可以将KSHV分为A、B、C及N亚型。其中,A亚型主要流行于经典的KS患者,而B、C亚型主要见于非洲地区,同时所有亚型都在美国AIDS相关的KS患者中有发现。
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus is double-stranded DNA virus, the genome length of 160 ~ 170 kb. The virus gene was first discovered in 1994 by the University of Columbia Pathologist Chang and other representative difference analysis method in patients with AIDS complicated by Kaposi’s sarcoma. Commonly used in KSHV subtype analysis of the gene fragments: ORF26, ORF75, K1, K15 and so on. Based on ORF26 typing, 330 bp and 233 bp ORF26 gene fragments were initially used, and KSHV can be divided into A, B and C subtypes. Currently, KSHV is mainly divided into A, B, C, D, E and F subtypes according to the polymorphism of K1 gene, and each subtype has a 15% to 30% difference at the amino acid level. At present, there are three known K15 alleles, namely: P subtype, M subtype and N subtype. Among them, the N subtype and M type nucleotide difference is as high as 90%. KSHV can be divided into A, B, C and N subtypes based on ORF75. Among them, subtype A is mainly prevalent in the classic KS patients, while subtype B and C are mainly found in Africa, while all subtypes are found in AIDS-related KS in the United States.