论文部分内容阅读
土家族有本民族语言,没有文字。土家族570多万人口中,绝大多数人都通用汉语,习用汉文。在人们的印象中,土家族人接受汉文化的影响既早且深,土家族聚居区内大多数地方的土家语已经或正在消失。这是一般情况。在湖南省龙山、水顺、保靖、古丈、泸溪等县以及湖北省来凤县、重庆市秀山自治县的一些地方,尚有40多万人操土家语。龙山县坡脚乡、他沙乡的一些地方,多数妇孺只讲土家语而不懂汉语。土家语属汉藏语系藏缅语族。土家语分为北部方言和南部方言.北部方言分歧不大,龙山、永顺、保靖、古丈等县以及来凤、秀山等县各地都能互相通话。南部方言分布在泸溪县境,语音、词汇与北部方言有较大差别。土家语的基本特点是:有声调,无复辅音,复合元音较多,辅音韵尾较少;词汇以复音词
Tujia have their own language, there is no text. Of the more than 5.7 million Tujia nationalities, the vast majority of people use Chinese and use Chinese. In people’s minds, Tujia people received the influence of Han culture early and deep, Tujia language in most parts of the Tujia neighborhood has been or is disappearing. This is the general situation. In some places such as Longshan, Shushun, Baojing, Guzhang and Luxi counties in Hunan Province and some places in Laifeng County, Hubei Province and Xiushan Autonomous County of Chongqing Municipality, more than 400,000 people still speak Tujia language. In Longjiao County, Pojiao Township, in some parts of his township, most women and children only speak Tujia but do not understand Chinese. Tujia language belongs to Tibeto-Burman language family. Tujia language is divided into the northern dialect and the southern dialect.The differences in the northern dialects are not big, Longshan, Yongshun, Baojing, Guzhang counties and Laifeng, Xiushan counties around each other to talk to each other. Southern dialects are distributed in Luxi County. There is a big difference between phonetics and vocabulary in northern dialects. The basic characteristics of Tujia are: tone, no complex consonant, more compound vowels, less consonant ending;