论文部分内容阅读
辐射育秧,就是利用放射性物质发出的各种射线,照射农作物种子,植株或某些器官,使其细胞染色体上的基因发生突变,然后从中选择出对人类有用的突变型。这种变异往往在千百个突变中只有一两个是有益于人类的,所以要经过长期的精心选择,才能培养成新品种。 就世界范围讲,辐射育种只有五十多年的历史。1927年,美国人谬勒利用x射线使果蝇发生了大量突变。1943年,印尼人托伦纳首先利用x射线照射烟草,育成了烟草新品种,并且应用在生产上。五十年代后,特别是近十几年来,随着核技术的发屉.辐射育种有了新的进展。据国际原子能机构1982年统计,经辐射育种培育而成的农作物、蔬菜、果树、林木、花卉等植物品种共518个,其中农作物280个,观赏植物238个。有的农作物品种已成为主要推广良种。例如,苏联育成抗寒、早熟、品质好的小麦品种“新西伯利亚67”,种植面积达4,500万亩。日本育成矮秆抗倒伏的水稻良种“黎明”,在北海道广泛种植,使当地农民总收入超过10亿日元,高于日本每年提供原子能应用在农业研究方面经费的总和。荷兰辐躬诱变育成许多鲜艳多采的花卉品种,获得巨额外汇收入。香港辐射培育出只有茶杯大小而四季开花的“手掌上的盆花”,售价达几千港币。 我国近十年来在辐射育种技术方面也有很大成绩。据最近?
Radiation nursery, is the use of radioactive substances emitted by a variety of rays, crop seeds, plants or certain organs, so that mutations in the gene on the cell chromosome, and then select from the human useful mutant. Often only one or two of the hundred mutations are beneficial to humans, so long-term, careful selection can lead to the development of new breeds. As far as the world is concerned, radiation breeding has a history of only fifty years. In 1927, Americans made use of x-rays to make a large number of mutations in fruit flies. In 1943, Indonesian Tohner first used x-rays to irradiate tobacco, developed a new tobacco variety, and applied it to production. After the 1950s, especially in the past ten years, with the departure of nuclear technology, radiation breeding has made new progress. According to the 1982 IAEA statistics, there are 518 plant species of crops, vegetables, fruit trees, trees and flowers cultivated by radiation breeding, including 280 crops and 238 ornamental plants. Some varieties of crops have become the main promotion varieties. For example, the Soviet Union developed a cold-resistant, precocious, good-quality wheat variety “Novosibirsk 67” with acreage of 45 million mu. The “dawn” rice cultivar dwarf lodging in Japan has been planted extensively in Hokkaido, bringing the total income of local farmers over one billion Japanese yen, which is higher than the sum of Japan’s annual expenditures on providing atomic energy for agricultural research. Dutch Convict breeding breeds a lot of bright and colorful varieties of flowers, access to huge foreign exchange earnings. Hong Kong Radiation to cultivate only the size of the cup and flowering four seasons, “potted flowers”, the price of thousands of Hong Kong dollars. In the past ten years, China has also made great achievements in radiation breeding technology. According to recently?