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美国开发西部和前苏联开发中亚的严重教训,以及几十年来我国开发西部在战略上的一些失误都证明:在研究环境与发展关系,及在制定发展战略时,需要有合适的科学指导,我们认为,这门科学很可能是正在形成的现代地球系统科学。本文在以往研究的基础上,简要地介绍这门新学科及其与可持续发展战略的关系,对我国西部大开发战略作一初步探讨。一、可持续发展战略是开发西部的总战略在“西部大开发,怎么开?开什么?”一文中(见《科学新闻周刊》2000年第9期),胡鞍钢提出西部开发五大战略,即知识发展战略,人力资源发展战略,可持续发展战略,优先开放战略和结构调整战略。分开来看,这些战略都很重要,但认真思考一下,总觉得有些基本问题还需进一步研究。例如,这五大战略是否属于同一层次?提出这五大战略的依据是什么?等等。胡氏提出的五大战略,实际上属于两个不同层次。其中,可持续发展战略比其他四个战略高一个层次,它是总战略,居统帅地位,这在国际科学界已取得共识,也为联合国和各国政府所接受。从总的方面说,我国西部人地矛盾
The serious lesson learned by the United States in developing Central Asia in the West and the former Soviet Union and some strategic blunders in the development of our country in the past decades have all proved that there is a need to have appropriate scientific guidance in studying the relationship between the environment and development and in formulating a development strategy, In our opinion, this science is probably the modern earth system science that is taking shape. Based on the previous studies, this article briefly introduces the new discipline and its relationship with the strategy of sustainable development, and makes a preliminary study of the strategy for the western development in our country. First, the strategy of sustainable development is to develop the western strategy In the “Western Development, how to open?” Article (see “Science News Weekly” 2000 No. 9), Hu Angang put forward five major strategies for the development of the west , Namely knowledge development strategy, human resource development strategy, sustainable development strategy, priority opening strategy and structural adjustment strategy. Separately, these strategies are important, but think hard and always feel that some basic questions still need further study. For example, do these five strategies belong to the same level? What are the basis for putting forward these five strategies? The five strategies proposed by Hu are actually at two different levels. Among them, the strategy of sustainable development is one level higher than the other four strategies. It is a general strategy and commander in chief. This has reached consensus in the international scientific community and is also accepted by the United Nations and other governments. In general, the contradiction between people and land in western China