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目的全面了解农村饮用水水质本底情况,为进一步开展农村饮用水水质全分析工作奠定基础。方法于2010年,对南方某省有代表性的7个地区13个市(县、区)的共40家农村水厂的出厂水水样进行106项指标全分析。结果共采集40件水样,合格15件,合格率37.50%。以地表水为水源的水样合格率为42.86%(15/35),以地下水为水源的水样全部不合格。采用完全处理、仅消毒的水样合格率分别为41.18%(14/34),20.00%(1/5);未处理的水样仅1件,且不合格。超标指标合格率从低到高依次是二氧化氯[50.00%(7/14)]、总大肠菌群[85.00%(34/40)]、耐热大肠菌群[87.50%(35/40)]、三氯乙醛[87.50%(35/40)]、铝[87.50%(35/40)]、锑[90.00%(36/40)]、贾第鞭毛虫[92.50%(37/40)]、亚氯酸盐[95.00%(38/40)]、浑浊度[95.00%(38/40)]、游离氯[95.80%(23/24)]、铊[97.50%(39/40)]、硫酸盐[97.50%(39/40)]、总硬度[97.50%(39/40)]、钠[97.50%(39/40)],其余指标均合格。结论该省农村饮用水总体合格率较低,消毒剂和微生物污染是主要的卫生问题。
Objective To comprehensively understand the background of the quality of drinking water in rural areas and lay the foundation for the further analysis of the quality of drinking water in rural areas. Methods In 2010, a total of 106 indicators were analyzed for the water samples from 40 rural waterworks in 13 representative cities (counties and districts) of a representative province in the south of China. Results A total of 40 pieces of water samples were collected, of which 15 were qualified and the pass rate was 37.50%. The qualified rate of water samples with surface water as source was 42.86% (15/35). All samples with groundwater as source of water were all unqualified. With the complete treatment, only the disinfection of water samples pass rates were 41.18% (14/34), 20.00% (1/5); untreated water samples only 1, and unqualified. The qualified rate of over standard indicators from low to high were chlorine dioxide [50.00% (7/14)], total coliform [85.00% (34/40)], heat resistant coliform [87.50% (35/40) [87.50% (35/40)], aluminum [87.50% (35/40)], antimony [90.00% (36/40)], Giardia [92.50% ], Chlorites [95.00% (38/40)], turbidity [95.00% (38/40)], free chlorine [95.80% (23/24)], thallium [97.50% , Sulfate [97.50% (39/40)], total hardness [97.50% (39/40)] and sodium [97.50% (39/40)]. Conclusions The drinking water in rural areas in the province has a low overall qualification rate and disinfectants and microbial contamination are the major health problems.