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目的评价某农村社区艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)健康教育活动效果。方法对16名农村家庭主妇进行AIDS相关知识培训,以她们为主体将AIDS相关知识向家庭成员和社区人群传播,比较活动实施前后农村社区居民对AIDS相关知识的认知程度。结果活动实施2个月、4个月、6个月后,社区居民对AIDS病原学知识得分由基线调查时的(2.01±1.597)分分别提高到(2.47±1.327)分(、2.87±1.336)分、(2.98±1.283)分(F=12.990,P<0.001);AIDS传播途径相关知识得分由(4.18±3.012)分分别提高到(4.88±2.623)分、(5.76±2.670)分(、5.93±2.342)分(F=11.659,P<0.001);防治相关知识得分由(3.38±2.736)分分别提高到(4.33±2.266)分(、4.47±2.276)分(、5.15±2.038)分(F=12.179,P<0.001)。活动实施后,社区居民对待AIDS患者的态度有了明显的好转。社区居民会和感染者一起同席吃饭、喝酒的比例在26.1%～33.9%之间(χ2=13.266,P=0.039);会让感染者家小孩和您家小孩一起玩的比例在27.7%～37.1%之间(χ2=19.898,P=0.003);会和感染者说话的比例在47.0%～58.8%之间(χ2=13.671,P=0.034);会和感染者一起打牌等娱乐活动的比例在31.9%～42.3%之间(χ2=18.414,P=0.005);当感染者发病时,会协助他或她去医院的比例在47.6%～74.8%之间(χ2=42.595,P<0.001)。结论以农村社区家庭主妇为AIDS预防切入点,促进农村社区居民艾滋病相关知识的认知,可作为农村社区预防艾滋病工作的一种新思路。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education activities on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a rural community. Methods A total of 16 rural housewives were trained in AIDS-related knowledge, and AIDS-related knowledge was disseminated to family members and community groups mainly by their relatives. The awareness of AIDS-related knowledge among rural community residents before and after the activity was compared. Results After 2 months, 4 months and 6 months, the score of community knowledge of AIDS etiology increased from (2.01 ± 1.597) points to (2.47 ± 1.327) points (2.87 ± 1.336) (2.98 ± 1.283) points (F = 12.990, P <0.001). The knowledge-related knowledge of AIDS transmission increased from 4.18 ± 3.012 to 4.88 ± 2.623 and 5.76 ± 2.670 respectively ± 2.342) (F = 11.659, P <0.001). The score of prevention and cure related knowledge was increased from (3.38 ± 2.736) to 4.33 ± 2.266 (4.47 ± 2.276) and 5.15 ± 2.038 = 12.179, P <0.001). After the implementation of the activity, the attitude of community residents to AIDS patients has been significantly improved. Community residents and PLWHA would eat and drink at the same time with their peers, ranging from 26.1% to 33.9% (χ2 = 13.266, P = 0.039). The proportion of PLWHA children and their children playing in the community ranged from 27.7% to 37.1 (Χ2 = 19.898, P = 0.003). The proportion of people who could speak to the infected person ranged from 47.0% to 58.8% (χ2 = 13.671, P = 0.034) 31.4% -42.3% (χ2 = 18.414, P = 0.005). When the infected person was infected, the proportion of those who assisted him or her to the hospital ranged from 47.6% to 74.8% (χ2 = 42.595, P <0.001). Conclusion Taking housewives in rural communities as an entry point for AIDS prevention and promoting awareness of HIV / AIDS related knowledge among rural community residents can be used as a new idea to prevent HIV / AIDS in rural communities.