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目的分析安徽省凤阳县农民工对职业卫生知识的知晓情况与职业卫生服务需求现状及其影响因素,探讨提高农民工职业健康促进和职业卫生服务质量的对策。方法采用问卷调查方法对凤阳县42家石英砂生产企业468名农民工进行调查,对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果农民工对职业卫生知识总体知晓率为82.90%。其中农民工对粉尘对人体会产生健康损害的知晓率最高,为96.15%;对职业病诊断机构知晓率最低,为52.99%。农民工对配备个人防护用品需求最高,为95.51%;对工资收入的满意度最低,为32.26%。年龄小于30岁、大专及以上、中型企业中农民工职业卫生知识知晓率显著高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性农民工职业卫生服务需求显著高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);微型企业农民工需求显著高于其他类型企业的农民工,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该县石英砂企业农民工对职业卫生服务的需求较高,应鼓励督促企业开展职业卫生培训,特别应注重文化程度低、年龄偏大的员工,应加强职业卫生基本知识培训,提高农民工职业卫生知识知晓水平,满足农民工日益增长的职业卫生服务需求。
Objective To analyze the awareness of occupational health knowledge and the demand of occupational health service of migrant workers in Fengyang County, Anhui Province and the influencing factors, and to discuss the countermeasures to improve the occupational health promotion and occupational health service quality of migrant workers. Methods 468 migrant workers from 42 quartz sand producers in Fengyang County were surveyed by questionnaire, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The overall awareness rate of migrant workers to occupational health was 82.90%. Among them, the awareness rate of migrant workers to dust on the human body will have the highest awareness rate of 96.15%, and the lowest awareness rate of occupational disease diagnosis institutions is 52.99%. The highest demand for personal protective equipment for migrant workers was 95.51%, while the lowest satisfaction for wage income was 32.26%. The awareness rate of occupational health among migrant workers in medium-sized enterprises younger than 30 years old, college and above was significantly higher than that in other groups (P <0.01). The demand of male migrant workers for occupational health services was significantly higher than that of females Statistical significance (P <0.05). The demand of migrant workers in micro-enterprises was significantly higher than that of other types of migrant workers, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion The migrant workers in quartz sand enterprises in this county have higher demand for occupational health services. They should encourage and urge enterprises to carry out occupational health training. Particular attention should be paid to employees with low education level and older age. Basic knowledge of occupational health should be strengthened and migrant workers should be improved Knowledge of occupational health knowledge to meet the growing demand for migrant workers occupational health services.