论文部分内容阅读
No-cash society - China is attracting global attention
On March 18， China’s first “no cash union”was established in the recognized mobile payment city of Hangzhou having the first 15 members. The first members include Alipay， Carrefour China， the Capital Airport， Zhejiang Xinhua Bookstore and Finland Tourism Bureau and so on. It is reported that the “no cash union” plans to promote China into a no-cash society in five years， while attracting 30 million members， covering 100 countries and regions.
In fact， China is not the first country trying to build a no-cash society. Sweden has a bold attempt to build a no-cash society and achieved good results. In Swedish cities， many businesses have made it clear that no longer accept cash， 99% of the people accepted this. The difference is that China’s exploration of no-cash society is greater than other countries， faster and more receptive. KPMG’s previously published Global Consumer and Consolidated Survey Report shows that 66% of respondents worldwide are willing to use mobile wallet， while the result is 84% in China. In Hangzhou 98% of the taxi， more than 95% of the supermarkets and convenience stores， more than 80% of the food stores， as well as beauty salons， KTV and other industries are supported mobile payment. Some people even joked that if one day， beggars in Hangzhou city also use mobile payment， please do not feel surprise.
The Importance of Building a No-cash Society in China
The reasons why no-cash society cause much attention from people are due to the rapid development of mobile payment in the recent years Alipay， WeChat payment as the representative， covering people’s basic necessities， spreading to the every corner of the town， so that some people abandon the habit of using cash from a certain extent.
The benefits of “no cash society”are obvious. Xie Shuangcheng， the vice mayor of Hangzhou， believes that actively promoting the construction of no-cash society is far-reaching. “First of all， it will help reduce the threshold of financial services and promote economic development better. Second， it will not only help to reduce the use of cash and management costs， reduce the cost of currency issuance， but also accelerate the flow of economic and trade funds circulation. Third， it will help to establish a system of integrity which can effectively identify， prevent and combat cash transactions， bribery and other related all kinds of criminal acts， and to curb corruption. Fourth， it can continue to change people’s way of life， make life easier and more convenient and more intelligent. The Advantages of Building a No-cash Society in China
It’s a time to build a no-cash society in China. With the continuous development of new technologies， no cash society is the inevitable trend of the evolution of monetary form. Like copper instead of shells， banknotes instead of silver dollars， the final electronic currency will replace the banknotes as the currency which can now be predicted.
In fact， many countries’ central banks are paying attention to and researching electronic money. In November 2016， the Swedish central bank said it would consider making a decision to issue an “electronic krone” within two years and assessing the prohibition of cash in cash， which could make Sweden become the world’s first fully “digital cash” society. According to the Swedish Central Bank， the country’s non-cash transactions grew steadily， up 10% from the past 10 years， reaching a peak of 92%.
India is also sparing no effort to promote “no cash” transactions. Although the current cash transactions in India is still the mainstream， the Indian Ministry of Finance launched a package of policies related to people’s livelihood to encourage people to use electronic payment. Indian leaders have posted on social networking sites that digital deals are expected to end up with corruption and hope that more people will turn to digital deals. The Bank of England also said it was studying whether to issue digital money， the current research work is still in the initial stage. The Fed is constantly analyzing digital currency in-depth， to study its characteristics， impact， the technical support behind it. Singapore is applying to electronic currency test projects for cross-border transactions. In 2016， the People’s Bank of China Institute of Print Science began to recruit digital money R & D personnel. Data show that from 2008 to 2012， the global cash transactions amounted to 11.6 trillion US dollars， an increase of only 1.75%， while the same period the amount of non-traditional payment transactions increased by nearly 14%.
The non-bank payment agency’s“catfish effect” makes China in the field of non-cash payment has an active market players， which greatly accelerated the relevant technology changes and the rate of non-cash. Western developed countries because of a mature and perfect financial system， banks and related financial institutions are increasingly conservative， cashless payment mainly stays in the bank card payment， other mobile payment innovation is lackluster. With the rapid development of China’s mobile Internet， third-party payment agencies grow rapidly. At present， the People’s Bank of China has issued 267 payment licenses. Since 2010， China’s third-party payment market maintain a more than 50% annual growth for 7 years， China has become a global leader. China’s third-party payment total turnover is 57.9 trillion yuan in 2016， with growth rate of 85.6% compared to 2015. Among that mobile payment transaction size is 38.6 trillion yuan， about 50 times of that of the United States. Third-party payment market has become most mature industry in China’s Internet financial industry as a basic service widely used in various industries. Especially third-party Internet payment agencies have rapidly raised， Alipay， TenPay have occupied 70% market share. The bank card business is also being occupied by third parties. In the field of Internet payments， non-bank payment agencies have been successful， forcing the banking institutions to actively respond to and seek innovation. And financial institutions’ counterattack has greatly accelerated the development of the entire market. The most representative example is on December 12， 2015， UnionPay combined with more than 20 commercial banks launched“cloud flash” mobile payment brand.Different from the third-party payment agency’s two-dimensional code payment， this payment based on the NFC， HCE and Token technology， relying on a safe and convenient payment experience， a huge apple and other brand mobile phone user base， is greatly speeding up the pace of no-cash society.
China has a vast number of Internet users with a large market， mobile payment based on the Internet habits and recognition are easy to form， which is the market base of rapid development of no-cash society. As early as 2012， China became the world’s first nation whose mobile Internet users are greater than the PC Internet users， as of December 2016， the scale of Chinese Internet users reached to 731 million， a total of 42.99 million new Internet users. Internet penetration rate reached to53.2%， gaining an increase of 2.9 percentage points compared with the end of 2015. Mobile phone users were up to 695 million， with an increase of 5.5 million people by the end of 2015.
The proportion of the users of mobile Internet has increased from 90.1% in 2015 to 95.1%， up 5 percentage points， the proportion of Internet users achieved further rise. It is expected that number of the Internet users will reach to 772 million in 2017， the Internet penetration rate will reach to 55.9%. The number of mobile Internet users will reach to 739 million， the proportion of mobile Internet users will increase to 97.8% from 95.1% in 2016. Data show that in 2016 mobile payment business occurred a total of 25.71 billion times in China with an increase of 85.82%， mobile payment amount reached to 157.55 trillion yuan. Online payment business is still the main force of non-cash payments， with a total of 46.178 billion up 26.96%， the amount reached to 2084.95 trillion yuan. Based on such a mass basis and user habits， no-cash payment becoming the mainstream payment way is just around the corner. How to Build a No-cash Society in China
Mobile payment promoting the development of no-cash society has also been concerned about the relevant government departments. In August 2016， Payment & Clearing Association of China issued “Barcode Pay Norms”to the payment agencies. Two-dimensional Code Payment began to develop in the framework of legal regulation. Earlier， the Central Bank letter clearly pointed out that the Barcode Pay（Twodimensional Code Payment） has low barriers to entry， easy operation and other characteristics， is suitable for small business daily small trading which is sensitive traditional POS cashier cost， is a useful supplement to bank cards payment. This means that mobile payment， represented by two-dimensional code payments， is officially approved by regulators.
On how to promote the healthy and sustainable development of mobile payment industry， and build a safe and orderly no-cash society， experts made a lot of suggestions. Cao Jing thinks that the personal information of individuals is repeatedly leaked， stolen， trafficked， in the development process of no-cash society， the establishment of safe and reliable network information platform is very important. A protective wall should be built on the network technical level to avoid loopholes， to provide a safe payment environment to protect the property safety of the vast number of consumers. Relevant departments should also do a good supervision job， according to a variety of payment， improve the relevant law and industry standards related to payment. Law en- forcement departments should maintain the trend of high-pressure attacks on the Internet financial crimes， involving violations of privacy， hindering the security of payment and effectively maintain the national financial order and security.
Ma Ruiqiang said， “no-cash society”covers a wide range， involving social， economic， all aspects of life， must have a corresponding credit mechanism to match. The relevant departments should strengthen linkage based on big data sharing， deepen collaboration， establish a full coverage of the integrity of information systems， form an effective early warning and strong constraints for dishonesty.
Yu Chun suggested that from the nation should support the construction of non-cash society and encourage governments at all levels to take the lead so that public services， social security can achieve no-cash services. At the same time， encourage technological innovation， the introduce relevant laws and industry standards， promote equal， diversified non-cash payment system.