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某化肥厂变换炉投入生产仅22个月,便发生炉体破裂。该炉炉体采用18mm厚的A3R钢板焊接而成,直径2:4m,炉壁内、外均衬有耐火砖保护。按设计规定,炉内使用压力为8kgf/cm~2,使用温度低于530℃。据该厂提供的数据,运行时压力小于8.5kgf/cm~2,使用温度480～510℃。事故发生时,炉体中部检修孔处破裂着火,外部保温层已烧红。停炉后发现检修孔的法兰盘与炉壁焊接处的焊缝部位沿焊趾破裂,裂缝长约36mm,宽约10mm,见图1、2。炉内壁耐火砖局部脱落,引起停产。为查明炉体破裂原因,进行了如下工作。
A fertilizer plant transformation furnace put into production only 22 months, it broke the furnace body. The furnace body with 18mm thick A3R steel welded together, a diameter of 2: 4m, lining the furnace wall, both lining refractory brick protection. According to design requirements, the furnace pressure is 8kgf / cm ~ 2, the use of temperature below 530 ℃. According to the data provided by the plant, the operating pressure is less than 8.5kgf / cm ~ 2, the use of temperature 480 ~ 510 ℃. At the time of the accident, the fire broke out at the middle of the furnace bore and the outer insulation had been burned red. After stopping the furnace, the welding seam between the flange of the manhole and the furnace wall was cracked along the weld toe. The crack length was about 36 mm and the width was about 10 mm. See FIGS. 1 and 2. Furnace refractory bricks partially shed, causing the shutdown. In order to find out the cause of furnace rupture, the following work was done.