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目的探讨儿童结核病的临床特点及相关危险因素。方法对49例结核病患儿的病史、临床表现、影像学检查、实验室检查等临床资料进行回顾性分析。通过SPSS19.0对数据进行分析,相关危险因素采用Logistic进行回归分析。结果 49例患儿中男59.18%、女40.82%;<1岁12.24%、1~7岁44.90%、>7岁42.86%;农村65.31%、城市34.69%;肺内结核46.94%、肺外结核30.61%;主要症状发热57.14%、咳嗽咳痰38.78%、腹痛腹胀18.37%等;已接种卡介苗69.39%;明确有结核病人接触史40.82%;结核菌素试验阳性73.47%%;常见影像学表现为单纯胸膜病变、淋巴结肿大、片状影、脑室丰满等;年龄、卡介苗接种史、结核病接触史是儿童结核病发生的重要危险因素。结论儿童结核病以肺内结核最为常见,主要临床症状为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、腹痛腹胀等,年龄、卡介苗接种史、结核病接触史是该病发生的相关危险因素。
Objective To explore the clinical features and related risk factors of childhood tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data of 49 cases of tuberculosis were analyzed retrospectively, including clinical history, clinical manifestations, imaging examination and laboratory tests. The data were analyzed by SPSS19.0, and the related risk factors were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 49 cases, 59.18% were male and 40.82% were female; 12.24% were younger than 1 year, 44.90% were aged from 1 to 7 years, 42.86% were aged 7 years or older, 65.31% were rural residents, 34.69% were urban residents, 46.94% were pulmonary tuberculosis, 30.61%; the main symptoms of fever 57.14%, cough and sputum 38.78%, abdominal pain and abdominal distension 18.37%, etc .; has been vaccinated BCG 69.39%; clear history of tuberculosis contact 40.82%; tuberculin test positive 73.47 %%; common imaging findings Simple pleural disease, lymphadenopathy, flaky shadow, ventricular filling, etc .; age, history of BCG vaccination, history of exposure to tuberculosis is an important risk factor for tuberculosis in children. Conclusions Tuberculosis in children is the most common form of pulmonary tuberculosis. The main clinical symptoms are fever, cough, expectoration, abdominal distension and so on. Age, history of BCG vaccination and history of TB exposure are the related risk factors.