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为了查明1960-84年期间由墨西哥国家农业调查研究所(MINIA)在墨西哥发放的四倍体硬粒小麦品种产量提高的情况,设计了两个试验,于1983-84,1984-85两个年度在墨西哥索诺拉州的亚基盆地进行.试验采用了高水平的农业投入和栽培技术措施,比较了八个主要品种和一个新优系(Carcomum ’S’)的籽粒产量、地上部生物学产量、收获指数(干籽粒产量与地上部生物学产量之比)、产量构成因素、籽粒生长速度和物候学性状.据估计,25年的育种工作,使硬粒小麦的籽粒产量由3.7吨/公顷提高到8.4吨/公顷.1960-71和1971-85年间籽粒产量年增长量分别为251公斤/公顷和121公斤/公顷.25年中,由于小穗粒数的增加,籽粒产量的增加与粒数/米~2呈线性关系.两个新基因型Altar84和Carcomum ’S’的特点是成熟时地上部生物学产量有所提高.至1975年发放的Mexicali75为止,各个新品种的收获指数都有提高,可是后来新育成基因型更高的籽粒产量与较高的收获指数并无联系.千粒重方面,除育成的优系Carcomum ’S’稍低一点外,所发放的品种都无大的变化.产量的改进与生育期延长之间没有什么联系.结论是,对与高产潜力有关的形态方面的性状(例如更直立的叶型,更多的小穗粒数)进行综合选择,并同时对籽粒产量本身进行选择的育种策略,在改进墨西哥西北部的硬粒小麦的籽粒产量方面是成功的.所发放的品种在籽粒库容大小、同化产物分配到籽粒的比例,以及地上部生物学产量方面都有所改进.
In order to identify the increased yield of tetraploid Durum wheat varieties distributed in Mexico during the Mexican Institute of Agricultural Research (MINIA) during the period 1960-84, two trials were designed, two in 1983-84 and 1984-85 Year in the sub-basins of Sonora, Mexico using high levels of agricultural inputs and cultivation techniques to compare the grain yield of eight major cultivars and one new elite (Carcomum ’S’), Yield, harvest index (ratio of dry grain yield to aboveground biomass yield), yield components, grain growth rate, and phenology traits It is estimated that 25 years of breeding work will result in a yield increase of 3.7 tons / Hectare to 8.4 tons / hectare. The annual grain yield increase between 1960-71 and 1971-85 was 251 kg / ha and 121 kg / ha, respectively. Over the 25 years, due to the increase of the number of spikelets, the increase of grain yield With a linear relationship with grain number / m ~ 2. The two new genotypes, Altar84 and Carcomum ’S, are characterized by increased shoot production at maturity, up to the Mexicali75 release in 1975. The harvest index Have improved, but later There was no correlation between the higher grain yield and the higher harvest index for newly fertilized genotypes.Where there was no major change in grain yield per 1000-grain weight, except for slightly lower Carcomum ’S’ There is no connection between the extension of growth period and the conclusion that the morphological traits associated with high yield potential (eg more erect leaves, more spikelets) are selected at the same time as the grain yield itself Breeding strategy has been successful in improving the grain yield of durum wheat in northwestern Mexico.The varieties released have improved in terms of grain size, percentage of assimilates distributed to grains, and aboveground biomass.