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目的为评价牙克石市人群死亡水平变化情况,以及目前不同民族的人群健康水平和卫生状况,掌握边疆少数民族地区居民的疾病死亡谱、死因构成及顺位,人群期望寿命及主要死因疾病对人群期望寿命的影响等,为政府和相关部门制定疾病预防控制策略提供参考依据。方法对牙克石市2000年和2010年两个年度居民死亡资料进行比较分析,死因编码采用ICD-10进行编码、分类。标化死亡率采用全国第五次人口普查数据标化。结果通过对牙克石市2000年和2010年人群死亡情况对比分析得出:男性死亡率高于女性。男性期望寿命均低于女性4～5岁,总人群平均寿命提高了5.75岁,男性提高了5.29岁,女性提高了6.31岁。通过对2010年汉族和蒙古族人群平均死亡年龄分析,汉族平均死亡年龄为67.10岁,蒙古族平均死亡年龄为58.98岁,平均死亡年龄相差8.11岁。前6位死因顺位依次分别为心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、慢性下呼吸道疾病、损伤和中毒,消化系统疾病合计2377例,占总病例的89.33%。结论牙克石市10年间人群期望寿命有了显著提高。心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、慢性下呼吸道疾病、损伤和中毒,消化系统疾病为居民主要死因。
Objective To evaluate the changes of death level in Yakeshi City, as well as the current health status and health status of people in different ethnic groups, and to understand the disease death spectrum, the cause of death and its causes, the life expectancy and the major causes of death among residents in minority areas of border areas The life expectancy of people and so on, providing reference for the government and relevant departments to formulate disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The mortality data of residents in Yakeshi City in 2000 and 2010 were compared and analyzed. The cause of death coding was coded and classified by ICD-10. Standardization of mortality using the fifth national census data standardization. Results A comparative analysis of the deaths of the population from 2000 to 2010 in Yakeshi City shows that the death rate of males is higher than that of females. Men expect life expectancy are lower than women 4 to 5 years old, the average life expectancy of the general population increased 5.75 years old, men increased 5.29 years old, women increased 6.31 years old. By analyzing the average age of death of Han and Mongolian people in 2010, the average death age of Han nationality is 67.10 years, the average death age of Mongolian nationality is 58.98 years, and the average death age is 8.11 years. The top 6 causes of death were heart disease, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory tract disease, injury and poisoning, and digestive diseases together accounted for a total of 2377 cases, accounting for 89.33% of the total cases. Conclusion The population life expectancy in Yakeshi City has been significantly increased in 10 years. Heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory tract disease, injury and poisoning, and digestive diseases are the major causes of death among residents.