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作为中国古典小说的巅峰之作,《红楼梦》曾多次被译成外文。英译本中,最有影响力的当属杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇的A Dream of Red Mansions和大卫·霍克斯、约翰·敏福德翁婿的The Story of the Stone。由于翻译目的和策略不同,两个译本有很大差异。通篇看来,杨宪益偏于直译,最接近原著,霍克斯偏于意译,多处加入了阐释性语言。文章讨论了差异较为明显的第二十八回,从微观上说明了虽然文学翻译要忠实于作者的风格,但不能只拘泥于字面意思,一味“顺从”原文,有时反而背离了作者的思想,影响读者对文章的理解和感知。下文选取了几个例子详细说明。
As the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels, “Dream of Red Mansions” has been translated many times into foreign languages. Among the English translations, the most influential are the A Dream of Red Mansions by Yang Hsien-yi and the Gladys, the The Story of the Stone by David Hawkes and John Minffon. Due to different purposes and strategies of translation, there are great differences between the two versions. Throughout it, Yang Xiangyi biased in favor of literal translation, the closest to the original, Hawkes biased in translation, many joined the interpretative language. The essay discusses the twenty-eighth episode with obvious difference. It shows that although literary translation should be faithful to the author’s style, it should not be restricted to the literal meaning, blindly “obeying” the original text, but sometimes depart from the author’s Thought, affect the reader’s understanding of the article and perception. Selected below a few examples of detailed instructions.