论文部分内容阅读
由国家统计局2月28日发布的《关于1993年国民经济和社会发展的统计公报》正式宣布,1993年“年末城镇失业率为2.6％”,这是我国首次向公众宣布失业率。所谓失业,是指一定时期劳动者脱离于生产过程,不能取得正常报酬,也就是通常说的失去工作或劳动机会。失业率就是指一定时期失业人数与劳动者总数的比率。在我国现阶段失业的存在,主要原因是: 1.在转换企业经营机制的过程中,由于产品结构和产业结构的调整,使得从事原行业的生产劳动者不可能全部进入新的产业部门,从而造成“结构性失业”。 2.在社会主义市场经济机制确立和不断完善过程中,由于价值规律和竞争机制的作用,实行竞争就业和效率优先的原则,会使部分企业破产、关闭而形成“团体性失业”。 3.由于科学技术的进步和先进设备的使用,出现机器代替手工劳动的趋势。一方面,劳动力数量需求减少;另一方面,对就业人员素质提出了更高的要求,加
The “Statistical Communique on National Economic and Social Development in 1993” issued by the National Bureau of Statistics on February 28 formally announced that the “urban unemployment rate at the end of the year was 2.6%” in 1993. This is the first time that China announced the unemployment rate to the public. Unemployment means that the workers are separated from the production process for a certain period of time and cannot obtain normal remuneration, which is usually said to have lost jobs or labor opportunities. Unemployment rate refers to the ratio of the number of unemployed to the total number of workers in a given period. The main reasons for the existence of unemployment at this stage in our country are as follows: 1. In the process of transforming the operating mechanism of enterprises, due to the adjustment of product structure and industrial structure, it is impossible for all the production workers and laborers engaged in the original industry to enter the new industrial sector. Cause “structural unemployment.” 2. In the establishment and continuous improvement of the socialist market economic mechanism, due to the role of value laws and competition mechanisms and the implementation of the principle of priority in employment and efficiency in competition, some enterprises will be bankrupted and closed to form “group unemployment.” 3. Due to the advancement of science and technology and the use of advanced equipment, there has been a tendency for machines to replace manual labor. On the one hand, the demand for labor force has decreased; on the other hand, higher requirements have been put on the quality of employed people.