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目的初步了解北京市小学流动儿童饮食营养行为现状,通过与户籍儿童比较,分析影响相关行为形成的多方面因素,为进一步完善针对北京市流动儿童饮食营养行为工作提供依据与指导。方法在查阅大量文献的基础上编制自填式问卷;采取分层整群抽样的方法,在北京市海淀区和丰台区共抽取8所小学,在每所小学里4、5、6年级中各随机抽取1~2个班,以选中班集所有符合条件的学生及其家长作为研究对象,最终共抽取1 641对学生和家长。结果儿童饮食营养行为现况整体较好,但流动儿童比户籍儿童更多吃偏甜食物、喝碳酸饮料、挑食和吃零食。分析结果显示儿童的性别、年龄、是否独生子女是对儿童行为影响较大的因素;儿童本身饮食态度、饮食知识的得分也是行为得分差异的影响因素;儿童父亲的文化程度、家长饮食营养行为、家长对于流动儿童饮食营养行为关注也是对儿童行为影响较大的因素。结论通过公平提供学校健康教育改善儿童知识和态度的同时,政府积极提供基本公共卫生服务帮助家长为儿童创造更好的家庭环境,可以有效减少流动儿童与户籍儿童之间的差异。
Objective To understand the status quo of dietary nutrition among migrant children in elementary schools in Beijing and to analyze the factors influencing the formation of related behaviors in Beijing primary school children through comparison with those of registered children so as to provide the basis and guidance for further improving dietary nutrition behaviors among migrant children in Beijing. Methods Based on a large amount of literature, a self-administered questionnaire was compiled. Eight stratified cluster sampling methods were used to collect 8 primary schools in Haidian District and Fengtai District of Beijing. A total of 1 to 2 classes were selected randomly to select all qualified students and their parents as the subjects of study. Finally, a total of 1 641 pairs of students and parents were selected. Results The overall nutritional status of children is better. However, migrant children eat more sweet foods, drink carbonated drinks, picky noodles and eat snacks than hukou children. The results showed that children’s sex, age and whether they were single-child were the factors that had a great effect on children’s behavior. The scores of children’s own eating attitude and diet knowledge were also the influencing factors of behavioral score differences. The educational level of children’s fathers, their nutritional behaviors, Parents’ attention to the nutrition behavior of migrant children is also a factor that has a great impact on children’s behavior. Conclusions While providing equitable school health education to improve children’s knowledge and attitudes, the government actively provides basic public health services to help parents create a better family environment for children, and can effectively reduce the difference between migrant children and migrant children.