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苏联的改革扩及整个社会,经济改革只是其中的一部分。当然,经济改革本身也具有广泛的综合性和全面性。一、从总体上根本改革经济体制的原因戈尔巴乔夫执政后,首先发起了一场“公开性”和民主化的革命。当前正在着手经济改革。改革的直接原因是,苏联经济状况不佳,并产生了停滞现象和危机前兆,出现了消极的社会发展趋势。为根本铲除消极现象,需要对经济体制进行综合、根本的改革。经济改革更深层的原因是,前15～20年间苏联社会的消极变态,严重阻碍了苏联经济与社会的发展,社会的消极变态,始于斯大林时期,表现为劳动者与生产资料相脱离、政府机关与人民群众相脱离;用行政命令的方法管理经济;主要精力首先集中于发展生产,而不是旨在社会发展,不是旨在一切为了人。因此,经济改革并非仅仅是克服勃列日涅夫消极停滞
The reform in the Soviet Union has spread to the entire society. Economic reform is only one part of it. Of course, the economic reform itself also has a wide range of comprehensiveness and comprehensiveness. I. Reasons for the Overall Reformation of the Economic System Gorbachev first launched a revolution of “openness” and democratization. Economic reforms are currently under way. The direct reason for the reform was the poor economic conditions in the Soviet Union, the stagnation phenomenon and the precursor to the crisis, and the negative trend of social development. As a fundamental eradication of the negative phenomena, we need to make a comprehensive and fundamental reform of the economic system. The deeper reason of the economic reform is that the negative metamorphosis of the Soviet society during the first 15 to 20 years seriously hindered the economic and social development of the Soviet Union and the negative social perversions that began with the Stalinist period as manifested in the separation of workers from the means of production. The organs are separated from the masses of the people; the economy is administered by means of administrative orders; and the major focus is primarily on the development of production rather than on social development, not on the whole. Therefore, economic reform is not just about overcoming the negative standstill of Brezhnev