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肺不张是由多种病因引起的一种肺部并发症。儿童因其自身呼吸道解剖、生理特点，呼吸道内阻塞或外在压迫更易导致肺不张的发生，故与成人比较，其发病率更高。儿童肺不张病因复杂，其中以感染最为常见，其次是异物、肺发育异常。不同年龄组儿童肺不张的主要病因不同，肺发育异常是婴儿期的主要病因，支气管异物在幼儿期肺不张病因中占有较高比例；不同原因的肺不张，其临床表现、发生部位及发病机制又各不相同；发达国家儿童肺不张病因与我国又有明显差异。“,”Atelectasis is a pulmonary complication caused by a variety of causes .Atelectasis is more fre-quently occurred in children when the airway is obstructed or oppressed because of their own characteristics of airway anatomy and physiology.The incidence of atelectasis in children is higher than grown-up.Pathogeny of atelectasis in Children is complex .The infection is the most common ,followed by a foreign body and pul-monary dysplasia among which .The cause of atelectasis is different in children of various age .Pulmonary dys-plasia is a major cause in infant .The proportion of bronchial foreign body is higher in toddler period .The clinical manifestation , location and pathogenesis are different in atelectasis because of various causes .The pathogeny of atelectasis in children in developed countries also obviously differs from our country .