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世界上一切事物的运动都有其规律和形式,同样,生产力的运动也不例外。通过对生产力运动的基本状态研究,揭示生产力运动的基本规律和基本形式,既是理论经济学所要解决的重大理论课题,也是经济实践所提出的重大理论课题。科学解决这一课题,对于解放生产力和发展生产力具有极为重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。 一、生产力运动的基本状态 生产力同其他任何事物一样,既有相对稳定静止的状态,又有绝对运动发展的属性,并且,相对稳定静止是事物运动的特殊状态,而绝对运动发展则是事物的根本属性。如果我们不了解生产力相对稳定静止的一面,就不可能了解生产力绝对运动发展的一面,因此,我们必须在生产力绝对运动的过程中,来考察它相对稳定静止的基本状态。根据商品弹性价值理论来划分生产力运动的基本状态,就有正弹性生产力、无弹性生产力和负弹性生产力。 (一)正弹性生产力 政治经济学意义的生产力,必须与商品生产紧密结合起来,换句话说,不与商品生产紧密结合起来的生产力,就不是政治经济学的生产力。因此,政治经济学的生产力,完全可以简单理解为生产商品的能力。 所谓正弹性生产力,就是商品弹性价值大于零的生产力。商品的弹性价值理论认为,商品的价格等于价值与弹性价值之和,即:商品价格=价值+弹性价
The movement of everything in the world has its own laws and forms. Likewise, the movement of productivity is no exception. By studying the basic state of the productive forces movement and revealing the basic laws and basic forms of the productive forces movement are not only the major theoretical issues to be solved by theoretical economics but also the major theoretical issues raised by economic practice. To solve this issue scientifically has extremely important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for liberating the productive forces and developing the productive forces. First, the basic state of productive forces Productivity as with anything else, both relatively stable and static state, but also the absolute nature of the development of sports, and relatively stable and rest is the special state of things, and the development of the absolute movement is the thing Essential attributes. If we do not understand the relatively stable and unproductive side of productivity, it is impossible to understand the development of absolute movement of productive forces. Therefore, we must examine its relatively stable and stable basic state in the process of absolute productivity. According to the theory of commodity elasticity to divide the basic state of the productive forces movement, there are positive elastic productivity, inelastic productivity and negative elastic productivity. A. The Productive Forces Producing a Positive Political Economy Productive forces must be closely integrated with the production of commodities. In other words, the productive forces that are not closely integrated with the production of commodities are not the productive forces of political economy. Therefore, the productivity of political economy can be simply understood as the ability to produce goods. The so-called positive elastic productivity refers to the productivity of commodities with a value greater than zero. The theory of elastic value of goods holds that the price of a commodity equals the sum of value and elastic value, that is, the price of commodity = value + elastic price