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正确理解作物产量的变异性特征及其影响因素是对农田地块进行科学管理的基础。地块的地形特征是导致作物产量变异形成的主要因素。本文选择代表不同地形特征的洼地农田和岗地农田为研究对象,分析地形对土壤属性和大豆产量的影响以及它们之间的相互关系。研究结果显示,洼地农田与岗地农田的土壤属性和大豆产量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。洼地农田的土壤养分含量较高,但土壤结构较差,其平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)显著小于岗地农田,质量分形维数(Dm)显著大于岗地农田;在两类农田地块中,大豆产量的差别较大,洼地农田的大豆产量仅为岗地农田的62%。相关性分析表明,大豆产量与土壤结构稳定性和地块高程呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤有机碳和土壤养分对大豆产量没有显著影响。
Correct understanding of the characteristics of crop variability and its influencing factors is the basis of scientific management of farmland plots. The terrain feature of the plot is the main factor leading to the variation of crop yield. In this paper, depressions and farmlands with different topographic features are chosen as the research object to analyze the influence of topography on soil properties and soybean yield and their interrelationship. The results showed that there was a significant difference in soil properties and soybean yield between farmland and post farmland (P <0.05). In the depressions, the soil nutrients in the depressions were higher, but the soil structures were poorer. The average MWD and the GMD were significantly smaller than those in the hilly fields, and the mass fractal dimension (Dm) was significantly larger than that in the hilly fields. In the plots, the difference in soybean production is greater, with the yield of soybeans in the depressions’ land being only 62% of the farmland in the plots. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soybean yield and soil structure stability and the elevation of the plot (P <0.01). Soil organic carbon and soil nutrients had no significant effect on soybean yield.