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为了解除分娩疼痛,局麻的应用已日益普遍。虽局麻时吸入羊水的危险性始终存在,但按适当指征及时间所作的理想阻滞确是减少或消除分娩疼痛的一个安全工具而对胎儿无害。局麻对胎儿的有害影响可发生在孕妇体内局麻药浓度过高时如药物的过量注射,正常药量注于血管丰富区或由疏忽而将局麻药作静脉注射。当胎儿抑制是因有害药量进入胎儿循环时可出现母体子宫动脉的强烈收缩。有时局麻药可引起子宫肌张力过高及腰麻或硬膜外麻醉所致的产妇低血压及主动脉腔静脉压迫症而继发子宫胎盘血流降低。这些都与导致胎儿抑制有关。近年来,防止产妇低血压及局麻药对胎儿的危险激起了
In order to relieve labor pain, the application of local anesthetic has become increasingly common. Although the risk of amniotic fluid inhalation during local anesthesia is always present, the ideal block based on appropriate indications and time is indeed a safe tool for reducing or eliminating labor pain without causing harm to the fetus. Local anesthetic adverse effects on the fetus can occur in pregnant women when the local anesthetic concentration is too high, such as overdosing of drugs, normal dose injection in the vascular rich area or by local anesthetic inadvertently for intravenous injection. When fetal suppression is due to harmful drug into the fetal circulation can occur when the maternal uterine artery strong contraction. Sometimes local anesthetics can cause uterine muscle hypertonia and spinal or epidural anesthesia caused by maternal hypotension and aortic vena cava compression and secondary uterine placental blood flow decreased. These are related to fetal suppression. In recent years, the prevention of maternal hypotension and the risk of local anesthetic to the fetus have been aroused