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所有WTO《政府采购协议》(GPA)的缔约方都有报告数据的义务。提交该类数据提升了公共采购的透明度,也标志着歧视性做法的趋势。然而,大多数发展中国家(特别是新兴经济体国家)并非GPA的成员,也就不存在可供比较的数据报告义务。多数情况下,这导致在这些国家的公共采购缺乏可靠的数据,从而对其公共采购国际谈判和检视保护措施对其公共市场的影响构成了重大挑战。在这篇文章中,作者尝试通过开发一种测量非GPA成员国采购市场的规模和其中外资准入市场规模的方法,来克服数据匮乏造成的挑战。文章同时也展示了应用这种方法测试欧盟进入一些特定新兴经济体的公共市场的测算结果。
All WTO Contracting Parties to the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) have an obligation to report data. The submission of such data enhances the transparency of public procurement and also marks the trend towards discriminatory practices. However, most developing countries (especially in emerging economies) are not members of the GPA and there are no comparable data reporting obligations. In most cases, this has resulted in the lack of reliable data on public procurement in these countries, posing a significant challenge to the impact of their international negotiations on public procurement and the examination of protective measures on their public markets. In this article, the author attempts to overcome the challenges posed by the scarcity of data by developing a methodology to measure the size of the procurement markets in non-GPA member countries and the size of their access to foreign markets. The article also shows the results of applying this method to test the EU’s access to public markets in selected emerging economies.