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在当今的瑞典,食品的工业化加工代替传统的家庭制作的趋势越来越明显,公众担心由此可能增加的来自食品的环境影响。本文采用生命周期评估的方法,对三类食品——家庭制作的食品、半成品和即食成品的环境效应进行了定量的分析。结果表明:这些食品对环境的影响基本一致,即食成品消耗了最多的能源,而家庭制作的食品具有较高的排放量,引起富营养化作用和全球变暖;对环境的影响最大因素是农业,因为其30%的影响关系到能源,95%的影响关系到富营养化作用,工业、包装业、消费者家庭运输和食品制备方式对环境也具有明显的影响;加工业、家庭制作、包装业、废物处理过程中的原材料的消耗和能源效率是重要的因素,所以降低食品消费带来的环境影响,农业方面的改进是非常重要的,同时工业和家庭制作食品过程中的原材料利用也是非常重要的环节。
In Sweden today, the trend towards the industrialization of food instead of traditional home-making is becoming more apparent, with public concern about the potential environmental impact of food from this. This article uses a life-cycle assessment approach to quantitatively analyze the environmental effects of three types of food - home-made, semi-finished and ready-to-eat products. The results show that the environmental impact of these foods is basically the same, that is, the consumed products consume the most energy, while the foods produced by families have higher emissions and cause eutrophication and global warming. The most important factor affecting the environment is agriculture , As 30% of its impact is related to energy and 95% of its impacts are related to eutrophication. The industrial, packaging, consumer household and food preparation methods also have a significant impact on the environment; processing, homemaking, packaging The consumption of raw materials and energy efficiency in industry and waste treatment are important factors. Therefore, it is very important to reduce the environmental impact caused by food consumption and improve agriculture. At the same time, the utilization of raw materials in industrial and domestic food production is very much Important part