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一、呼吸道感染的细菌变迁:五十年代80～90%的肺炎由肺炎球菌引起,其典型临床表现和X线征象,与教科书上描述相同。X线征象常表现为大叶肺实变。七十年代后,由于呼吸道感染的细菌发生了变迁,典型大叶肺实变的征象已甚为少见。这与临床普遍应用了对肺炎球菌有疗效的青霉素及医院内交叉感染率上升有关。院内感染率上升的原因为:①七十年代以来临床诊治项目增多,如各种血管、体腔内的有创性检测和插入、切开性的各种
First, the bacterial infection of respiratory tract infections: 50 to 90% of the pneumoconiosis in the 1950s caused by pneumococcal, the typical clinical manifestations and X-ray signs, and textbooks described the same. X-ray signs often manifested as lobar lung consolidation. After the seventies, due to changes in bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, the typical signs of lobar consolidation have become rare. This is generally applied to clinical efficacy of penicillin and pneumococcal hospital cross-infection rates. The reasons for the increase of nosocomial infection rates are as follows: ① The number of clinical diagnosis and treatment projects increased since the 1970s, such as various invasive detection and insertion of blood vessels and body cavities, various incisions