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在古代农耕社会,自然灾害是造成饥荒的基本原因,此外,很多人为的因素也会造成或加剧灾荒程度。譬如晚清大范围栽种“经济作物”罂粟,就加重了当时的饥荒灾害。一、有晚清官员动议提倡种植“经济作物”——罂粟“鸦片”在中国近代史上扮演了不可小觑的角色。鸦片在晚清有“洋药”与“土药”之分,“洋药”是指直接进口的鸦片,而“土药”则是指国产鸦片。晚清民间广为种植,甚至被视为“经济作物”。《清稗类钞》中记
In ancient farming communities, natural disasters were the basic cause of famine and, in addition, many human factors contributed to or exacerbated the extent of famine. For example, large-scale planting of “cash crops” and poppies in the late Qing dynasty aggravated the famine disaster at the time. First, late Qing officials moved to promote planting “cash crops ” - poppy “opium ” played an irresistible role in modern Chinese history. In the late Qing Dynasty, opium was divided into “foreign medicine” and “earth medicine”, “foreign medicine” refers to opium imported directly, and “earth medicine” refers to domestic opium. Late Qing civil widely planted, and even be regarded as “cash crop ”. “Clean barnyard notes” in mind