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在士大夫阶层群体自觉的历程上，第一次给文学艺术带来一代新风的是曹魏时期的邺下文人集团。沿着建安文人开辟的文学自觉道路，两晋南朝相继出现了为数众多的文人社团和文学流派。相对而言，其政治热情和社会参与意识明显不如建安、正始时期强烈，但煽扬一代诗风，呼唤新的文学观念，我国文学理论批评第一次从纯艺术的角度考察文艺的自身规律，使中古文坛异彩纷呈，进入了“文学自觉”的时代。综合研究这一时期文人群体的创作实践，可以得出结论：（1）知识阶层的精神风貌及其变化，往往是文学创作和文学批评发展演变的最为直接的动因；（2）文学社团和文学流派能否提出具有开创性、时代性的文学主张，进行较为成功的文学批评，取决于团体成员之间能否相互吸收，相互尊重，完全发挥艺术个性；（3）官方意识形态乃至政治权威能否在文学领域发挥良好的作用，取决于它能否超越政治关系，与文人阶层建立起情感基础，以艺术上的“知音”团结他们，充分照顾他们的精神个性。
In the self-conscious journey of the group of scholars, the first group of literati who brought a new generation of literature and art to the world during the Wei and Wei Dynasties was the imperial clan descendants of the Wei Dynasty. Along the path of literary conscience opened up by Jian’an literati, numerous literary groups and literary genres emerged successively in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Relatively speaking, its political enthusiasm and social participation consciousness are obviously not as good as those of Jian’an. During the early period of the Zheng Dynasty, it was intense, but it incited a generation of poetic style and called for new literary concepts. For the first time, Chinese literary criticism inspected the laws of literature and art for the first time from the perspective of pure art, So that the colorful ancient literary scene, entered the “literary consciousness” of the times. A comprehensive study of the writing practice of the literati group during this period leads to the following conclusions: (1) The mental outlook and changes of the intellectual class tend to be the most direct motivation for the development of literary creation and literary criticism; (2) literature associations and literature Whether the genre can propose pioneering and contemporary literary ideas and conduct more successful literary criticism depends on whether the members of the group can absorb each other and respect each other and give full play to their artistic individuality. Third, the official ideology and even political authority can Whether or not it plays a good role in the field of literature depends on whether it can transcend political relations and establish the emotional foundation with the literati class, unite them with the “art of knowing” and take full care of their spiritual individuality.