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目的探讨低出生体重儿相关危险因素及生长状况,为临床提供依据。方法选择2011年7月-2013年6月本院低出生体重产儿68例(观察组),选取同时期正常体重儿70例作为对照组,观察两组产儿相关危险因素、预后及生长状况等指标。结果观察组产妇BMI和Hb分别为(22.08±1.32)kg/m2和(102.41±8.65)g/L,均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇妊娠高血压和呕吐/偏食分别为10.29%(7/68)和27.94%(19/68),均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组胎儿孕周为(37.08±1.91)周,低于对照组(39.14±0.46)周(P<0.05);观察组早产、胎膜早破、双胎和胎盘异常分别为25.00%(17/68)、18.57%(13/68)、10.29%(7/68)和17.65%(12/68),均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组黄疸持续时间为(9.12±0.85)d,长于对照组(6.14±0.19)d(P<0.05);观察组感染、喂养不耐受和营养不良分别为16.18%(11/68)、17.65%(12/68)和38.24%(26/68),均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组住院天数为(14.52±1.70)d,长于对照组(5.83±0.06)d(P<0.05);观察组体重增长、身长增长和头围增长分别为(18.35±2.21)g/d、(0.80±0.10)mm/d和(0.76±0.09)mm/d,均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论低出生体重儿与孕妇妊娠期的体质指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、妊娠高血压及营养状况有关,早产、胎膜早破、双胎和胎盘异常等为低出生体重儿相关危险因素,新生儿预后较差、生长较慢。
Objective To investigate the risk factors and growth status of low birth weight infants and provide the basis for clinical practice. Methods Seventy-six patients with low birth weight in our hospital from July 2011 to June 2013 were enrolled in this study. Seventy patients with normal body weight at the same period were selected as the control group. The risk factors, prognosis and growth status of the two groups were observed . Results The BMI and Hb in the observation group were (22.08 ± 1.32) kg / m2 and (102.41 ± 8.65) g / L, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The pregnancy-induced hypertension and vomiting / 10.29% (7/68) and 27.94% (19/68) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The gestational weeks in the observation group were (37.08 ± 1.91) weeks and lower than those in the control group (39.14 ± 0.46) weeks (P <0.05). The incidences of premature labor, premature rupture of membranes, twins and placentas in the observation group were 25.00% (17/68), 18.57% (13/68), 10.29% (7/68) and 17.65% / 68) were higher than those in control group (P <0.05). The duration of jaundice in observation group was (9.12 ± 0.85) d, which was longer than that in control group (6.14 ± 0.19) d 16.18% (11/68), 17.65% (12/68) and 38.24% (26/68) respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The length of stay in the observation group was (14.52 ± 1.70) ) d, which was longer than that of the control group (5.83 ± 0.06) d (P <0.05). The body weight, body length and head circumference of the observation group were (18.35 ± 2.21) g / d and 0.76 ± 0.09) mm / d, all lower than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Low birth weight infants are associated with gestational BMI, hemoglobin (Hb), pregnancy-induced hypertension and nutritional status in pregnant women. Premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, abnormal twins and placenta are the risk factors for low birth weight infants , Poor prognosis of newborns, slower growth.