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目的了解医务人员锐器伤职业暴露的真实情况与特点,为完善职业防护措施提供科学依据。方法对医院内有机会接触锐器的所有医务人员采用浙江省医院感染管理质控中心统一设计的调查问卷,调查2011年5月1-31日锐器伤职业暴露发生情况。结果调查的1257名医务人员共发生锐器伤128人,锐器伤发生率10.18%,发生182人次,人均0.14次;护士发生最高,有106人次,占58.24%,其次为医师54人次,占29.67%;锐器伤发生地点主要在普通病房和手术室;导致锐器伤的锐器以注射器针头最多见,其次为真空采血针;发生锐器伤危险因素在医疗废物处置中最多,其次为抽血和补液配制;发生锐器损伤后报告医院感染管理科有3例。结论医院感染管理部门应加强医务人员职业暴露相关知识培训,提高医务人员职业防护意识,针对高危人群、科室、环节等采取切实可行的预防措施,改进职业暴露报告监控系统,提高职业暴露后的上报率,降低职业暴露的发生。
Objective To understand the real situation and characteristics of occupational exposure of medical staffs and to provide a scientific basis for improving occupational protective measures. Methods All medical staffs who had access to sharps in the hospital were asked to use the uniform design questionnaire of Zhejiang Hospital Infection Control Quality Control Center to investigate occupational exposure to sharps injuries from May 31 to May 2011. Results A total of 1257 medical staffs were surveyed, including 128 sharp incidents and 10.18% sharp-impact injuries, with a per capita occurrence rate of 182 and a per capita rate of 0.14. Nurses accounted for 58.24% of the total, followed by 54 medical doctors, accounting for 29.67%. The incidence of sharp injuries was mainly in the general ward and operating room. The sharp objects causing sharp injuries were the most common with syringe needles followed by the vacuum blood lancets. The risk factors for sharp injuries were the highest in medical waste disposal, followed by Bleeding and rehydration preparation; after sharp device injury reported hospital infection management section in 3 cases. Conclusion The hospital infection management department should strengthen the training of medical personnel on occupational exposure, raise awareness of occupational protection among medical staff, and take practical preventive measures against high-risk groups, departments and departments, improve occupational exposure reporting and monitoring system and improve the reporting after occupational exposure Rate, reduce occupational exposure.