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目的调查一起高校成人非典型麻疹暴发疫情,探究非典型麻疹的流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹免疫规划提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查的方式收集并描述2013年某大学成人非典型麻疹暴发的流行病学资料。结果疫情持续18 d,报告病例35例,均为18~22岁学生,有同班级和寝室聚集性;既往有免疫史占85.71%,临床除发热、咳嗽等上呼吸道症状外,仅有7例出现皮疹,且为不典型皮疹;34例伴有肺炎,CT为多发结节状高密度影,实验室血清麻疹Ig M抗体阳转时间3~9 d,病情较轻。结论 15~30岁成人麻疹免疫水平处于较低水平,感染后临床症状不典型,易出现误诊、漏诊,存在暴发的风险,应纳入麻疹防控的重点人群。
Objective To investigate the outbreak of an outbreak of atypical measles among adults in colleges and universities and to explore the epidemiological characteristics of atypical measles and to provide a scientific basis for the development of measles immunization program. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to collect and describe the epidemiological data of an outbreak of adult atypical measles in a university in 2013. Results The outbreak persisted for 18 days, and 35 cases were reported, all of whom were 18-22-year-old students with the same class and dormitory aggregation. The past history of immunization accounted for 85.71%. In addition to fever and cough, clinical symptoms were only 7 Rash appeared, and atypical rash; 34 cases with pneumonia, CT nodules for high-density, laboratory serum IgM antibody positive rotation of 3 to 9 days, the disease is mild. Conclusion The level of measles immunity in adults aged 15-30 years is at a low level. The clinical symptoms are not typical after infection. Misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis and risk of outbreak may occur. Key measles patients should be included in the prevention and control of measles.