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目的对福建铁路境内始发旅客列车自备水箱水质卫生状况进行现状调查,提出改善水质建议。方法对列车自备水箱水质进行采样、检测,并对影响水质因素进行分析。结果 2008—2012年共检测水样374份,9项指标均合格304份,总合格率81.3%。2011年合格率最低(40.3%),其次为2010年(68.6%),其他年度合格率均为100.0%;单项指标菌落总数合格率最低(81.8%),其次为大肠菌群(86.1%)、浑浊度(98.7%)、肉眼可见物(99.5%),色度、臭和味、耗氧量、pH值和游离余氯合格率均100.0%;福州、厦门、泉州3个始发站旅客列车自备水箱水质总合格率>80%,差异无统计学意义;客车(81.4%)与餐车合格率(87.0%)差异无统计学意义。结论旅客列车二次供水主要是微生物超标,应采取改良列车自备水箱设计和定期水箱清垢、消毒等相关技术措施,配合卫生专业指导、监督管理,强化加水作业规范化,改善水质卫生状况。
Objective To investigate the status quo of water quality and hygiene of self-provided water tanks of passenger trains originating in Fujian railway and put forward suggestions on improving water quality. Methods The water quality of train-owned water tank was sampled and tested, and the factors influencing water quality were analyzed. Results A total of 374 water samples were tested from 2008 to 2012, of which 304 were all qualified. The total qualified rate was 81.3%. The lowest pass rate was 40.3% in 2011, followed by 68.6% in 2010 and the other pass rates were 100.0% in the year. The single pass rate was the lowest (81.8%), followed by the coliforms (86.1%), Turbidity (98.7%), macroscopic (99.5%), color, odor and smell, oxygen consumption, pH and free residual chlorine pass rate were 100.0%; Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou three departure station passenger train The total qualified rate of self-provided water tank was> 80%, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between bus (81.4%) and passing rate of dining car (87.0%). Conclusions Secondary water supply for passenger trains is mainly caused by excessive microorganisms. Technical measures should be taken to improve the design of tank-equipped tanks and regular cleaning and disinfection of tanks. Cooperate with professional guidance, supervision and management of sanitary major to standardize water-adding operations and improve water quality and sanitation.