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高速列车空心车轴的主要失效方式为疲劳失效,因此疲劳性能是车轴研制和生产中至关重要的考核指标,欧洲EN标准规定了车轴疲劳性能指标和疲劳试验的基本要求。现基于EN标准,研究制定了国内高速空心车轴全尺寸疲劳试验方法,并首次进行了国产车轴的疲劳试验。主要探讨了疲劳试件设计、考核截面位置的确定、以及疲劳载荷计算等问题。同时,分析和研究了EN标准F1轴疲劳性能指标的含义,为F1轴疲劳载荷的确定提供了依据。高速车轴疲劳试验方法的探讨和疲劳试验结果表明,所确定的试验方法及其技术要求是合理可行的。本研究对高速车轴的疲劳试验技术、及制定国内相应试验规范有一定的参考意义和实用价值。
The main failure mode of the high-speed train hollow axle is fatigue failure, so the fatigue performance is the most important evaluation index in the development and production of the axle. The European EN standard stipulates the fatigue performance index of the axle and the basic requirements of the fatigue test. Based on the EN standard, the full-scale fatigue test method of domestic high-speed hollow axle is researched and developed, and the fatigue test of domestic axle is carried out for the first time. Mainly discusses the design of fatigue specimens, the determination of cross-section position and the calculation of fatigue load. At the same time, the meaning of the fatigue index of F1 axle of EN standard is analyzed and studied, which provides the basis for determining the fatigue load of F1 axle. The fatigue test of high-speed axle and fatigue test results show that the determined test method and its technical requirements are reasonable and feasible. This study has certain reference value and practical value to the fatigue test technology of high-speed axle and to formulate the corresponding test norms in China.