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《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(简称TRIPs协议)明确提出将地理标志作为一项工业产权进行保护,并规定了地理标志保护的一般原则和例外。借助于WTO争端解决程序,TRIPs协议对地理标志的国际保护获得了国际范围内的强制力,更集中地体现了地理标志保护的国际标准。我国对地理标志的保护采用的是以商标法为主,其他相关法律为辅的立法模式,保护程度符合地理标志国际保护最低标准。现阶段我国地理标志法律保护工作中存在的问题主要是管理法规较多、管理权限不明,这给地理标志产品的注册带来了不利影响。笔者认为,必须整合地理标志保护的各项法规和行政规章,协调管理部门之间的关系,待到时机成熟之时,借鉴法国地理标志保护的成功经验,制定专门的地理标志保护法典。
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs Agreement) explicitly proposes the protection of geographical indications as an industrial property and provides for the general principles and exceptions for the protection of geographical indications. With the WTO dispute settlement procedure, the TRIPs Agreement has gained international coercion for the international protection of geographical indications and more closely reflects the international standards for the protection of geographical indications. The protection of geographical indications adopted by our country is based on the trademark law, supplemented by other relevant laws, and the degree of protection conforms to the minimum standards of international protection for geographical indications. At present, the problems existing in the legal protection of geographical indications in our country are mainly that there are a lot of management regulations and administrative rights, which have brought adverse effects on the registration of geographical indication products. The author believes that the laws and administrative regulations on the protection of geographical indications and the administrative rules and regulations must be integrated and the relations among the administrative departments coordinated. When the time is ripe, drawing on the successful experience of the protection of geographical indications in France, we will formulate a special code of protection for geographical indications.