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目的掌握南宁市出生缺陷的发生率和种类,分析影响出生缺陷的因素,提出干预措施。方法按《中国妇幼卫生监测方案》的要求,采用以医院为基础的监测方案,对2005～2008年南宁市各监测医院的出生缺陷监测资料进行分析。结果南宁市2005～2008年出生缺陷发生率为15.08‰,4年间出生缺陷发生率有上升趋势。前6位出生缺陷类型依次为胎儿水肿综合症、多指(趾)、总唇腭裂、先天性心脏病、马蹄足内(外)翻、外耳畸形。孕母年龄大于35岁,出生缺陷发生率明显增高,男婴出生缺陷发生率明显高于女婴,双胎出生缺陷发生率明显高于单胎,产前诊断率为36.81%。结论出生缺陷严重影响儿童的生存、健康,应采取积极干预措施,加强宣教、婚检和孕期监测,及早明确诊断,及时终止妊娠,从而有效地降低出生缺陷的发生率。
Objective To understand the incidence and types of birth defects in Nanning, analyze the factors that affect the birth defects and put forward the intervention measures. Methods According to the requirements of “China MCH Surveillance Program”, a hospital-based monitoring program was used to analyze the surveillance data of birth defects in various monitoring hospitals in Nanning from 2005 to 2008. Results The incidence of birth defects in Nanning from 2005 to 2008 was 15.08 ‰, and the incidence of birth defects was on an upward trend in 4 years. The first six birth defects were fetal edema syndrome, multiple fingers (toes), total cleft lip and palate, congenital heart disease, clubfoot (outside) turn, outer ear deformity. The incidence of birth defects was significantly higher in pregnant women older than 35 years. The incidence of birth defects was significantly higher in infants than in girls. The incidence of twins birth defects was significantly higher than that of single fetuses. The prenatal diagnosis rate was 36.81%. Conclusion Birth defects seriously affect the survival and health of children. Positive intervention measures should be taken to strengthen the mission, premarital and pregnancy monitoring, early diagnosis and timely termination of pregnancy, so as to effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects.