论文部分内容阅读
中国加入世贸组织之后，中国市场对世界更加开放,加之中国申办2008年奥运成功,使世界很多国家，特别是欧洲国家的投资部门及企业对中国市场产生了浓厚的兴趣。瑞典也将会更积极地参与中国的投资及合作项目，特别加大在电信和信息技术及环境保护等领域的投资及合作。
这是瑞典驻华大使凌希乐（KJELL ANNELING）最近在接受本刊特约记者的专访时透露的。
凌希乐大使指出，值得欣慰的是，中瑞两国目前贸易平衡，不存在贸易逆差。中国市场日趋规范化。
他建议，中国经济经历了多年的改革开放，部分中国企业已具备了走向国际化道路的能力。中国的企业应更积极，更富有向国际市场挑战的精神，以确保更加适应国际市场的运行规则。
瑞典面积为45万平方公里，但人口只有900万，人口密度为每平方公里20人，可以说是大自然的宝藏使瑞典变成了一个富裕、先进的国家。人们从山峦、森林和河流中获得了巨大的财富。去过瑞典的人，无不为其清新的空气、一尘不染的街道和社会高福利而深深吸引。凌希乐大使虽年过花甲，但工作干劲一点也不逊色于年轻人。他热情,和蔼和亲，责任感很强，一再表示愿为发展中瑞两国的合作关系发挥积极作用。他特别自豪地提到瑞典的爱立信手机已在中国占有较大市场份额。
凌希乐大使说，中瑞双方合作的领域很多，诸如文化，经济，贸易，电信业，交通运输业等方面的合作。瑞典的电信和信息技术产业在二十一世纪成为世纪信息技术领先的国度，虽然瑞典是一个相对较小的国家，但瑞典的经济多样化，冶金和林业等传统的工业在我们的经济中占较大的比重。制造业和高科技业的重要性也凸显，特别是电信行业和信息技术产业处于世界领先的地位。瑞典在上述产业与中国合作并来华投资。
中国市场潜力很大，瑞典在华投资已有100多家。主要集中在基础设施，电信，IT行业，环保，交通运输，汽车。就贸易而言，瑞典从中国进口了大量的轻纺产品，轻工产品及设备等。
凌希乐大使希望进一步加强两国的进出口贸易，希望中国的保险业、服务业、银行、工业、社会保险（儿童、医药、学校、社会福利）等进一步向瑞典开放。
他说，今年瑞典在华已设立了瑞典投资机构，该机构将为中瑞两国的投资与合作发挥积极的作用。此外，中国瑞典商会将为中瑞两国企业间的经贸合作提供广阔空间。
凌希乐大使还说，瑞典政府为中国政府在环境领域提供优惠的贷款政策，该贷款政策的实施由瑞典发展援助合作部（Development Aid Cooperation）与中国财政部对口衔接。涉及技术合作合同的项目建议书通过中国对外贸易合作部国际经贸关系司提交；优惠贷款的协议书通过财政部金融司提交。
瑞典是一个相对较小的国家，但其经济十分多样化。冶金和林业等传统工业在瑞典经济中仍旧占较大比重，制造业和高科技行业的重要性也在凸显，国土面积同瑞典相当的国家中很少能象瑞典一样拥有自己的航空和核能工业、汽车工业和军工业。瑞典对国际贸易有很强的依赖性，进出口贸易直接关系到国内生产力和生产水平。
九十年代瑞典的工业增长速度远高于经合发组织的平均增长速度，这主要归功于瑞典电讯及制药行业的发展。
1993年瑞典推出了新的更严格的《竞争法》，明文禁止企业的市场操纵行为和垄断行为。90年代政府放开了一系列产品和服务市场，包括交通、电信和电力，从而终止了政府在某些领域的垄断。
对信息技术的投资使瑞典1998年的电信产品出口额达10.3亿美元。90年代里瑞典的大部份增长取决于电信和电子工业的迅速发展。其中主要是爱立信公司及其供销商。
瑞典人也是积极的新闻媒介消费者，瑞典人平均每天看电视141分钟，81%的公民阅读一种日报，用于新闻媒介消费上的时间人均每天5小时55分钟。
象世界上其它许多地区一样，瑞典的无线电话制造技术也几乎占据了整个电信领域增长的一半。因此瑞典有时被称为“无线谷”（Wireless Valley）。
瑞典成为向生态平衡方向发展的领先国家之一。其环境政策已被用作共同准则的样板或用于鼓舞欧盟作出进一步的努力。
Sweden:Chin‘s Active Partner on Economic Front
---An Interview with Swedish Ambassador Kjell Anneling
By Linda Liu Peiying
A number of events have made China more attractive as a destination for investment for businesses in many countries in the world, those in Europe in particular. These events include China‘s entry of the World Trade Organization, easier access to the Chinese market in the wake of China becoming a WTO member and Beijing‘s successful bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games. Sweden will actively invest in China, especially in the fields of telecom, information technology and environmental protection.
This is what Kjell Anneling, Swedish ambassador to China, said in a recent inclusive interview with Business World.
The ambassador said he was gratified that China and Sweden have maintained a trade balance at present and that the Chinese market has become increasingly standardized.
He urged Chinese enterprises to go international as, tempered by years of economic reforms and competition on the market, some of them have the ability to do so. "Chinese enterprises should challenge rivals on the world market with a more competitive spirit," he said.
Sweden has a population density of only 20 persons per square kilometer. A total of 9 million people live in a 450,000-square-kilometer area, the size of China‘s Heilongjiang province. It can be said that an abundance of natural resources has turned Sweden into a rich, developed country. People have reaped great wealth from its mountains, forests and rivers. No visitor leaves Sweden without being impressed by the country‘s fresh air, clean streets and generous social welfare.
Ambassador Anneling said that he is willing to play an active role in promoting the development of cooperative relations between Sweden and China, mentioning with pride that mobile phones made by Ericsson of Sweden have captured a considerable market share of the Chinese market.
The ambassador said Sweden and China can enter mutually beneficial cooperative relations in many fields, including culture, economy, trade, telecom and transport industries. Sweden‘s telecom and IT industries have a leading edge in the world in the 21st century, he said. Sweden is a relatively small country, but the country has a diversified economy, with traditional industries such as metallurgy and forestry taking a fairly big proportion of the national economy, he said. Manufacturing and high-tech industries play an increasingly important role in the Swedish economy, too. In these fields, the ambassador said, Sweden has cooperated with China and has come here to invest.
More than 100 Swedish companies have invested in China, and their investment is concentrated in infrastructure, telecom, IT, environmental protection, transport and automobile sectors. In trade, Sweden imports large quantities of light and textile products and equipment from China.
Ambassador Anneling expressed the hope that the two countries would increase their bilateral trade and that China‘s industries and service sectors including insurance, banking, medical care and schools would open up further to Swedish businesses. Sweden has established an investment agency in China this year, which is expected to play an active role in promoting investment and cooperation between the two sides, he said. In addition, he said, the Chinese and Swedish chambers of commerce will play a similar role.
The Swedish government provides China with preferential loans to be used for environmental protection, he said.
In the 1990s, he said, growth of Sweden‘s industries far exceeded the average rate of growth of OECD countries. This is owed primarily to the development of telecom equipment and pharmaceutical industries in Sweden, he said. In 1998 Sweden exported US$1.03 billion worth of telecom products. Mobile telephony has contributed to almost half of the growth of the country‘s entire telecom industry. That is why Sweden is sometimes called the "Wireless Valley" of the world.
In 1993 Sweden enacted a more stringent Competition Law, which bans market manipulation and monopoly. In the 1990s the Swedish government opened a series of service sectors to private capital, including transport, telecom and power generation, thereby ending government monopoly in these areas.
Swedes are avid consumers of media fare. They watch TV 141 minutes per day on an average, and 81 percent of the Swedes read a daily newspaper.
Sweden also leads the world in ecological balance-oriented development. Its environment policies have been taken as standards in many countries of the world or are used as goals by European Union nations. These policies concern restrictions on chemicals, strict limits on car emissions and taxation and fee charges on fossil fuel burning and the discharge of oxygen dioxide, sulfur and nitrogen.■