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MR成像是监测多发性硬化(MS)病情及其演变、评价疗效的重要手段,实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)是公认的研究人类多发性硬化的动物模型。常规MR扫描仅能分析MS和EAE炎症反应的继发性改变。巨噬细胞是MS和EAE炎症反应中重要的效应细胞,超微超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)粒子能被巨噬细胞摄取,MR成像能显示MS和EAE病灶内吞噬了USPIO的巨噬细胞,分析其炎症反应自身的信息,是动态观察巨噬细胞浸润过程、进一步探索MS免疫病理机制的有效手段。本文综述超微超顺磁性对比剂的特性及其MR成像在EAE和MS病理机制方面的研究进展,评价其发展前景。
MR imaging is an important means of monitoring the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and evaluating its curative effect. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established animal model for studying multiple sclerosis in humans. Conventional MR scans can only analyze secondary changes in the inflammatory response of MS and EAE. Macrophages are important effector cells in the inflammatory response of MS and EAE. Ultramicro-paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles can be taken up by macrophages. MR imaging can show that USPIO macrophages are phagocytosed in MS and EAE lesions, Analyzing the information of inflammatory reaction itself is an effective measure to dynamically observe the process of macrophage infiltration and further explore the immunopathological mechanism of MS. This review summarizes the characteristics of ultramicroperparamagnetic contrast media and the progress of MR imaging in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS, and evaluates its development prospects.