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近数十年来,脊髓灰质炎是爱沙尼亚传染病中的一个严重问题。1940年前,该病发病率很低,仅为1—10/10万。卫国战争以后,发病率即开始升高,达14.5/10万。南部地区出现了首批病例,发病率有周期性增高的趋势。1949—1954年为 16.7—20.5/10万,以后继续上升,直至1958年出现了大流行,病例遍及爱沙尼亚东南部地区(见图),至同年年底发病率达高峰,竞高达82.5/10万。该次大流行是由Ⅰ型脊髓灰质炎病毒所引起。1957年和1958年曾采取了一般综合性的防疫措施,并在儿童机构内有限地使用了索克灭活疫苗,但并未收到效果。
Poliomyelitis has been a serious problem in the epidemic of Estonia in recent decades. Before 1940, the incidence of the disease was very low, only 1-10 / 100,000. After the Great Patriotic War, the incidence began to rise, reaching 14.5 / 100000. The first cases in the southern region, the incidence of cyclical increase trend. From 1949 to 1954, it was 16.7 to 20.5 per 100 000 and continued to rise until 1958 when a pandemic occurred throughout the southeastern part of Estonia (see photo). By the end of the same year, the incidence peaked at 82.5 per 100,000. The pandemic was caused by type 1 poliovirus. In 1957 and 1958, general general epidemic prevention measures were adopted and limited use of the Sock inactivated vaccine in children’s institutions had not been effective.