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黄庭坚的文体学思想丰富而系统,主要包括三个方面:首先,辨体和尊体。提出“先体制而后文之工拙”这一著名命题,成为宋代辨体理论批评的第一人。其次,变体与破体。山谷诗能够尽古今之变和破弃声律,而方回对“一祖三宗”的具体品评上,最能直观地体现山谷诗及其江西派诗人的“变体”特征。第三,兼备众体与鲜能备善。兼备众体与偏长某体是一组对立的文体范畴,但在后人褒贬不一的品评中,这一点却神奇地集于黄庭坚一身。黄庭坚的文体学思想继承了魏晋以来曹丕、刘勰、杜甫等人的文体观,在宋代独树一帜,并对元明清文体学思想产生了深远影响。
Huang Tingjian’s stylistic thinking is rich and systematic, which mainly includes three aspects: first, discrimination and respect. Put forward the famous proposition of “first system and later work”, and became the first person to criticize the theory of discrimination in Song Dynasty. Second, the variant and broken body. Valley poetry can change from ancient to modern times and discard the rhythm of sound, while Fang Hui can most intuitively reflect the “variant” characteristics of the poem and its poets . Third, both the public and prepare both good and bad. Both the public body and the partial body length is a set of antithesis of style, but in later generations of mixed reviews, but this is magically set in a Huang Tingjian. Huang Tingjian’s stylistic thinking inherited the literary conceptions of Cao Pi, Liu Xie, Du Fu and others since the Wei and Jin Dynasties. It was unique in the Song Dynasty and had a profound impact on the thought of stylistics in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.