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美国自1977年起用多价多醣疫苗预防肺炎链球菌引起的疾病。疫苗可预防肺炎球菌性疾病根据有限资料的估计,肺炎球菌肺炎占所有肺炎病例的25%以下。但即使在抗生素时代,它仍然是重要的问题,因为每年尚发生大量病例和死亡。肺炎球菌肺炎可发生在所有年龄组,超过40岁发病率增高。肺炎球菌脑膜炎主要见于年幼儿童,特别是2岁以下。肺炎球菌疾病的死亡率在有菌血症或脑膜炎患者、有潜在内科情况的患者和老年人中最高。慢性病患者,发生肺炎球菌感染的机会明显增加,并且病情更严重,这些病包括镰状细胞性贫血、多发性骨髓瘤、肝硬化、肾功能衰竭、脾功能失调和已行脾切除术者或器官移植者。其他较多发生肺炎球菌感染或病情较严重
The United States since 1977 with polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine to prevent pneumococcal disease caused. Vaccines prevent pneumococcal disease According to limited data, pneumococcal pneumonia accounts for less than 25% of all pneumonia cases. But even in the era of antibiotics it remains an important issue as there are still a large number of cases and deaths each year. Pneumococcal pneumonia can occur in all age groups, over the age of 40 increased incidence. Pneumococcal meningitis is mainly seen in young children, especially under 2 years of age. Mortality from pneumococcal disease is highest in patients with bacteremia or meningitis, in patients with underlying medical conditions, and in the elderly. Chronic disease patients have a marked increase in chances of developing pneumococcal infections and their condition is worse. These include sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, cirrhosis, renal failure, splenic dysfunction and splenectomy or organ Transplants. Other more pneumococcal infection or more serious illness