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语境是语用学的重要理论之一,最早是由英国人类学家马林诺夫斯基(B.Malinowski)在1923年提出的。语境包括语言(上下文)语境(linguistic context)、情景语境(context of situation)和文化语境(cultural context)。语言语境,通常指某一词语或话语的前后上下左右作伴的词语;情景语境指发生语言行为的实际语境;文化语境指说话者生活于其中的社会文化。
Context is one of the important theories of pragmatics. It was first put forward by British anthropologist B. Malinowski in 1923. Contexts include the linguistic context, the context of situations, and the cultural context. Language context, usually refers to a word or discourse around the word; Context context refers to the actual context of language behavior; Cultural context refers to the speaker living in which the social culture.