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明代兩京鄉試中皿字號專額制的始行年代,依可靠的文獻記載分析,當在嘉靖十三年。皿字號之成立,是爲應對當時兩京鄉試中監生應試者增多而採取的對策。隆慶元年之後,皿字號的取額基本固定,在北闈中大體爲三十五名,南京一般不及然亦相差不遠。專額制確立後兩京鄉試中的監生取數明顯增多,其中又以浙江籍士人表現優異,成爲這个制度最大的獲益者。隨着監生中額的固定,南北兩京關於皿字號的議論漸多。南京由於不及三十五之數而致力於恢復這個“舊額”;北京方面,一是北方籍官員希望在皿字號中額中根據南北籍貫分出定額,二是圍繞畿内在籍監生應否編入皿字號出現的科場彈劾案。
In the Ming Dynasty, the trial period of the Beijing Municipal Government in Beijing Municipality was only 13 years since its establishment in Jiajing County. The establishment of the fame was a response to the increase in the number of test supervisors in Beijing Jingxiang at the time. After the first year of Longqing, the take-up amount of the Pancake was basically fixed. In Beibei, it was generally 35, and in general, Nanjing was not far behind. After the establishment of a special-quota system, the number of supervisors in the two Jingxiang townships increased significantly. Among them, Zhejiang’s excellent citizenship became the biggest beneficiary of this system. With the fixed amount in custody, there have been more and more discussions between Beijing and Beijing about Pancha. Nanjing is committed to restoring the “old quotas” because it is less than thirty-five. In Beijing, one is that officials in northern China want to separate the quotas from the north and south according to their nationality and the other is whether or not they should be domesticated in Kinmen The case of impeachment appearing in the hallmark.