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一文明起源,也即国家的形成问题,基本上属于近代以来的学术范畴。尽管在先秦诸子的言论中,经常可以看到“大同”、“小康”、“家天下”之类的说法,但这些都是描述性的,算不上研究,而我们今天在研究这个问题时常用得到的“部落联盟”、“军事民主制”、“酋邦”、“阶级”、“剩余财产”、“所有制”等概念,古人要么没有,要么也全然不同于今人的理解。在西方,这个问题的提出大约是在启蒙运动之中,此后逐渐成为哲学、政治学、社会学、人类学以及历史学等多种学科交集的研究领域。在中
The origin of civilization, that is, the formation of the state, basically belongs to the academic category since modern times. Although in the remarks of the pre-Qin philosophers we can often see such as “Datong ”, “well-off ”, “home world ”, but these are descriptive, not really research, and The “tribal coalition”, “military democracy”, “chiefdom”, “class”, “remaining property”, “ownership”, “common law” commonly used in the study of this issue today, And other concepts, the ancients or not, or completely different from today’s understanding. In the West, the issue was raised about the Enlightenment and has gradually become a research area where many disciplines such as philosophy, politics, sociology, anthropology and history are converged. In