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目的研究高功率脉冲微波辐射对大鼠垂体功能和海马神经元超微结构的影响及其意义。方法采用100,200mW/cm2强度辐照54只雄性Wistar大鼠,辐照后6,24和48h活杀大鼠取材。采用放免、电镜等方法,研究微波辐射对大鼠垂体、血浆前阿黑皮素原(POMC)衍生肽含量的影响和海马神经元结构损伤特点。结果高功率脉冲微波照射后6h,大鼠垂体β-内啡呔(β-Ep)含量显著降低(P<0.01),血浆β-Ep含量显著升高(P<0.05),血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)含量显著升高(P<0.01)。海马超微结构观察,100mW/cm2辐射后48h组表现为核变形,胞浆空化,线粒体肿胀。200mW/cm2辐射后6h组,表现为核变形,核膜粗糙,线粒体空化;48h组表现为核膜破裂,染色质溶解,线粒体嵴缺失。结论高功率脉冲微波辐射可引起大鼠海马神经元超微结构损伤,下丘脑-垂体神经内分泌功能紊乱。热应激大鼠可通过影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺素轴的功能,提高对热应激刺激的耐受能力。
Objective To study the effect and significance of high power pulsed microwave radiation on the pituitary function and the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in rats. Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were irradiated with the intensity of 100 and 200 mW / cm2. The rats were sacrificed at 6, 24 and 48 hours after irradiation. The effects of microwave radiation on pituitary and plasma pro-melanocortin (POMC) derived peptides and the structural damage of hippocampal neurons were studied by radioimmunoassay and electron microscopy. Results The content of β-Ep in the pituitary decreased significantly (P <0.01) and the content of β-Ep in plasma increased significantly (P <0.05) at 6h after high power pulsed microwave irradiation. The level of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) content was significantly increased (P <0.01). Ultrastructural observation of the hippocampus showed that nuclear deformation, cytoplasmic cavitation and mitochondrial swelling were observed at 48h after irradiation with 100mW / cm2. At 6h after 200mW / cm2 irradiation, nuclear degeneration, rough nuclear membrane and cavitation of mitochondria were observed. In 48h group, nuclear membrane rupture, chromatin dissolution and mitochondrial ridges were missing. Conclusion High-power pulsed microwave radiation can cause ultrastructural damage of hippocampal neurons in rats and disturbance of hypothalamus-pituitary neuroendocrine function. Heat-stressed rats can enhance the tolerance to heat-stress stimulation by affecting the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.