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本文分析虚拟语气的构成，类别和运用，并引用最新的高考题，采用讲练结合的方式，旨在让学生在理解和运用上都有所提高。
虚拟语气在高考中主要涉及其谓语动词的表现形式，因此记住不同情况下虚拟语气的谓语动词形式非常重要，其主要有以下几种情况。
一：If条件句中的虚拟语气：
1.If条件句中和过去事实相反时，主句谓语：would/could/might/should havedone，从句谓语：had done.如：
If I had taken your a dvice，I would no thave failed in theex am.
If I had been free，I would have visited you.
2.If条件句中和现在事实相反时，主句谓语：would/could/might/should do，从句谓语：did（be动词用were）.如：
If I were you，I would seize the chance togoa broad..
If it didn’t rain，we could be having apicnicnow.
3.If条件句中和将来事实相反时，主句谓语：would/could/might/should do，从句谓语：did/weretodo/shoulddo.如：
If he should not come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting till next Monday.
If it were tor ain tomorrow，we might not gocamping.
二：条件句中虚拟语气应用的特殊情况
1.主、从句与事实相反的时间不一致，我们称之为“混合时间的虚拟语气”。如：
1）If you had studied hard be fore，you would beacollege
studentnow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
2）If I were you，Iwouldn’thave missed the filmlast
night.（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。）
2.有时虚拟语气的条件是通过without，butfor，other-wise或其它成分来体现，不出现if条件句，我们称之为“含蓄条件句”。如：
1）Wi thout water，fish would die.
2）But for your help，we couldn’thave fini shed the work ahead of time.
3）I was ill that day.Other wise，I would havet aken partin the sport smeetings.
3、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词if省去，把were或had，should移到句首，变为倒装句式，其意思不变。如：
1）Were Iatschoolagain，Iwouldstudyharder.
2）Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldhavecaughtthebus.
3）Shoulditraintomorrow，wewouldnotgoclimbing.
三：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.在主语从句中的虚拟语气。
在主语从句It is im port ant/neces sary/str ange/natu-ral/apity that…中，that引导的主语从句中有时用“should do”形式的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。
1）Itisstrangethathe（should）haveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.
2）It is apity that you（should）miss such agood chance.
2.在宾语从句中。
表示建议（suggest，advise，propose，recommend）、命令（order，command）、要求（require，request，demand）、坚持（insist）等动词后that引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“should do”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：
1）The teacher suggest sthat the boy should finish his home work first.
2）The boss dem and edthat the task becom plete dright away.
3.在表語从句、主语从句和同位语从句中。
由这类动词衍生出的表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句中也要用这种形式的虚拟语气。如：
1）My ideais that we（should）think it over beforeac-ceptingit.
2）It issuggested that the meeting（should）be put of ftill next week.
3）We should cons ider the students’request that the school library open on week ends. 四：其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气。
1.在"wouldrather 宾语从句"句型中，这种虚拟语气表示一种尚未实现的愿望，其从句谓语动词did/haddone。例如：
1）I wouldr ather you came next Friday.
2）I would rather I had not to ld him the bad news.
2.asif/though后若从句的内容是不真实的，要用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用did；表示与过去事实相反要用"hadd one"；表示与将来可能相反的则用"would（could，might）do"。例如：
1）He looks as if he werea nar tist.
2）She speaks English so fluently as if she hads tudied Englishin America.
3）He learns English sohardas if he would go to theU.S.A.
3.在It is（high）time———引导从句，表示（此刻）该做某事的时候了。其谓语动词用did或"should 动词原形，should不能省略"。例如：
1）It is high time I left（shouldleave）.我该走了。
2）It is time that you got（should get）dressed.你该穿衣服了。
4.wish后面的宾语从句，表示一种不可能实现的愿望，其谓语动词构成形式为did（宾语从句动作与wish同时），had done（宾语从句动作先去wish），would/could/might do（宾语从句动作后于wish）。
Iwish（that）I were abirdand could fly freely in thesky.
I wish（that）I had met the fil mstaryester day.
5.If only 句子=How Iwish （that）从句，常译成"要是......就好了！从句用did表示现在没有实现的愿望；对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望，从句就用haddone。例如：
1）If only I had taken mother’sad vice.我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。
2）If only I could speak sever alforeign languages.我要是能讲几种外语就好了。
高考链接：
1.If we ade quatepreparations，the con ference wouldn’thave been sosuccess ful.（12山东，30）
A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmake
C.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade
2.Ifmycarmore
reli able，I would have driven to Lhasainstead off lyingla stsummer.（12陕西，17）
A.wasB.hadbeen
C.should beD.would be.
3.Sorry，Iam too busy now.If I time，I would certa in ly go for an outing with you.（12湖南，29）A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had
4.Grace doesn’twant tomove to NewYork because she thinks if she there，she wouldn’tbeab leto see her parent sver yo ften.（12安徽，31）
A.lives B.would live C.has lived D.were to live
5.We lost our way in thats mallvill age，other wise we
mo replaces of in terest yes ter day.（12福建）
A.visitedB. had visited
C.would visit D.would havevisited
6.Had I known about this computer program，ahugea-mountoftimeandenergy.（10浙江，10）
A.wou ld have been saved B.had been saved C.will be saved D.was saved
7.Had they known what was coming next，they second thoughts.（12浙江，19）
A.may have B.could have C.must have had D.migh thave had
8.Te acher srecom mend parents der12to ridebicycles to school for safety.（10福建，29）
A.not allow B.don otallow
C.mustn’tallowD .couldn’tallow
9.be sent to work there？（02，上海）
A.Who do you suggestB.Who do you suggest that should
C.Do you suggest who should D.Do you suggest whom should
10.———Where are the children？The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
———I wish they always late.（11北京30）
A.weren’t B.hadn’t beenC.woul dn’t beD.wouldn’tha vebeen
11.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifityesterday.（06全國1，31）
A.wash appeningB.happens C.has happened D.happenedKeys：
DBDDDADAAAD.
参考文献
[1]王长喜2008英语语法应试宝典首都师范大学出版社
[2]曲一线20125年高考，3年模拟教育科学出版社
虚拟语气在高考中主要涉及其谓语动词的表现形式，因此记住不同情况下虚拟语气的谓语动词形式非常重要，其主要有以下几种情况。
一：If条件句中的虚拟语气：
1.If条件句中和过去事实相反时，主句谓语：would/could/might/should havedone，从句谓语：had done.如：
If I had taken your a dvice，I would no thave failed in theex am.
If I had been free，I would have visited you.
2.If条件句中和现在事实相反时，主句谓语：would/could/might/should do，从句谓语：did（be动词用were）.如：
If I were you，I would seize the chance togoa broad..
If it didn’t rain，we could be having apicnicnow.
3.If条件句中和将来事实相反时，主句谓语：would/could/might/should do，从句谓语：did/weretodo/shoulddo.如：
If he should not come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting till next Monday.
If it were tor ain tomorrow，we might not gocamping.
二：条件句中虚拟语气应用的特殊情况
1.主、从句与事实相反的时间不一致，我们称之为“混合时间的虚拟语气”。如：
1）If you had studied hard be fore，you would beacollege
studentnow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
2）If I were you，Iwouldn’thave missed the filmlast
night.（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。）
2.有时虚拟语气的条件是通过without，butfor，other-wise或其它成分来体现，不出现if条件句，我们称之为“含蓄条件句”。如：
1）Wi thout water，fish would die.
2）But for your help，we couldn’thave fini shed the work ahead of time.
3）I was ill that day.Other wise，I would havet aken partin the sport smeetings.
3、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词if省去，把were或had，should移到句首，变为倒装句式，其意思不变。如：
1）Were Iatschoolagain，Iwouldstudyharder.
2）Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldhavecaughtthebus.
3）Shoulditraintomorrow，wewouldnotgoclimbing.
三：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.在主语从句中的虚拟语气。
在主语从句It is im port ant/neces sary/str ange/natu-ral/apity that…中，that引导的主语从句中有时用“should do”形式的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。
1）Itisstrangethathe（should）haveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.
2）It is apity that you（should）miss such agood chance.
2.在宾语从句中。
表示建议（suggest，advise，propose，recommend）、命令（order，command）、要求（require，request，demand）、坚持（insist）等动词后that引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“should do”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：
1）The teacher suggest sthat the boy should finish his home work first.
2）The boss dem and edthat the task becom plete dright away.
3.在表語从句、主语从句和同位语从句中。
由这类动词衍生出的表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句中也要用这种形式的虚拟语气。如：
1）My ideais that we（should）think it over beforeac-ceptingit.
2）It issuggested that the meeting（should）be put of ftill next week.
3）We should cons ider the students’request that the school library open on week ends. 四：其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气。
1.在"wouldrather 宾语从句"句型中，这种虚拟语气表示一种尚未实现的愿望，其从句谓语动词did/haddone。例如：
1）I wouldr ather you came next Friday.
2）I would rather I had not to ld him the bad news.
2.asif/though后若从句的内容是不真实的，要用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用did；表示与过去事实相反要用"hadd one"；表示与将来可能相反的则用"would（could，might）do"。例如：
1）He looks as if he werea nar tist.
2）She speaks English so fluently as if she hads tudied Englishin America.
3）He learns English sohardas if he would go to theU.S.A.
3.在It is（high）time———引导从句，表示（此刻）该做某事的时候了。其谓语动词用did或"should 动词原形，should不能省略"。例如：
1）It is high time I left（shouldleave）.我该走了。
2）It is time that you got（should get）dressed.你该穿衣服了。
4.wish后面的宾语从句，表示一种不可能实现的愿望，其谓语动词构成形式为did（宾语从句动作与wish同时），had done（宾语从句动作先去wish），would/could/might do（宾语从句动作后于wish）。
Iwish（that）I were abirdand could fly freely in thesky.
I wish（that）I had met the fil mstaryester day.
5.If only 句子=How Iwish （that）从句，常译成"要是......就好了！从句用did表示现在没有实现的愿望；对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望，从句就用haddone。例如：
1）If only I had taken mother’sad vice.我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。
2）If only I could speak sever alforeign languages.我要是能讲几种外语就好了。
高考链接：
1.If we ade quatepreparations，the con ference wouldn’thave been sosuccess ful.（12山东，30）
A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmake
C.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade
2.Ifmycarmore
reli able，I would have driven to Lhasainstead off lyingla stsummer.（12陕西，17）
A.wasB.hadbeen
C.should beD.would be.
3.Sorry，Iam too busy now.If I time，I would certa in ly go for an outing with you.（12湖南，29）A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had
4.Grace doesn’twant tomove to NewYork because she thinks if she there，she wouldn’tbeab leto see her parent sver yo ften.（12安徽，31）
A.lives B.would live C.has lived D.were to live
5.We lost our way in thats mallvill age，other wise we
mo replaces of in terest yes ter day.（12福建）
A.visitedB. had visited
C.would visit D.would havevisited
6.Had I known about this computer program，ahugea-mountoftimeandenergy.（10浙江，10）
A.wou ld have been saved B.had been saved C.will be saved D.was saved
7.Had they known what was coming next，they second thoughts.（12浙江，19）
A.may have B.could have C.must have had D.migh thave had
8.Te acher srecom mend parents der12to ridebicycles to school for safety.（10福建，29）
A.not allow B.don otallow
C.mustn’tallowD .couldn’tallow
9.be sent to work there？（02，上海）
A.Who do you suggestB.Who do you suggest that should
C.Do you suggest who should D.Do you suggest whom should
10.———Where are the children？The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
———I wish they always late.（11北京30）
A.weren’t B.hadn’t beenC.woul dn’t beD.wouldn’tha vebeen
11.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifityesterday.（06全國1，31）
A.wash appeningB.happens C.has happened D.happenedKeys：
DBDDDADAAAD.
参考文献
[1]王长喜2008英语语法应试宝典首都师范大学出版社
[2]曲一线20125年高考，3年模拟教育科学出版社