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(《德意志意识形态》以下简称《形态》)是马克思恩格斯第一次系统全面地阐述唯物史观的重要著作。在这部著作中,马克思恩格斯将现实的人确立为唯物史观的前提,找到了一条从现实的、有生命的个人出发考察社会历史的科学方法,实现了哲学领域的变革。本文从《形态》文本出发,对马克思恩格斯的人学思想进行梳理,力图勾勒出他们人学理论的原生框架。
(“German Ideology,” hereinafter referred to as “morphology”) is the first major Marx and Engels elaboration of the historical materialism systematically and comprehensively. In this book, Marx and Engels established the real person as the premise of materialism, found a scientific method to examine social history from real and living individuals, and realized the transformation in the field of philosophy. Based on the text “Morphology”, this essay sorts out the anthropology thought of Marx and Engels and attempts to outline the original framework of their anthropology theory.