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汉语被动句研究中存在的一系列问题主要与被动句的典型形式尚未确定有关,把被动句的原型确定为“受事+被+动词短语”是有类型学依据和认知理据的。跨语言现象表明被动句都带有相关的被动标记,历时演变过程证明“被”是汉语被动句的主要形式标记,而施事的显现在共时平面上要受到语义、句法和篇章等因素的制约。被动句的这一原型特征可以较好地解决“被”的性质、被动句的范围以及被动句的句式义等理论问题。
A series of problems in the study of Chinese passive sentences are mainly related to the typical forms of passive sentences that have not yet been determined. The prototype of the passive sentence is identified as “subject + + verb phrase” and has a typological basis and cognitive motivation. Cross-linguistic phenomena show that all passive sentences have related passive marks. The evolution process proves that “” is the main form mark of passive Chinese sentences, while the appearance of events is subject to semantics, syntax and discourse on the synchronic plane Constraints of factors. This prototype feature of passive sentences can solve the theoretical problems of the nature of passive, the scope of passive sentences and the meaning of passive sentences.